{"id":90962,"date":"2018-02-10T19:57:00","date_gmt":"2018-02-10T19:57:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-01-06T20:45:02","modified_gmt":"2023-01-06T20:45:02","slug":"antraxul_75","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/2018\/02\/10\/antraxul_75\/","title":{"rendered":"Antraxul"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><h3 class=\"post-title entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; position: relative;\"><\/h3>\n<div class=\"post-body entry-content\" id=\"post-body-2829928444776873685\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.7; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; width: 615px;\">Antraxul este o boal\u0103 infec\u0163ioas\u0103 acut\u0103 , determinat\u0103 de Bacillus anthracis, afect\u00e2nd \u00een mod primar animalele \u015fi \u00eendeosebi ierbivorele , de la care poate fi transmis la om , sub dou\u0103 forme principale : c\u0103rbune extern sau cutanat (forma uzual\u0103) \u015fi c\u0103rbune intern (pulmonar , digestiv , meningian), de apari\u0163ie mai rar\u0103 . Istoric. Boala la animale a fost remarcat\u0103 de milenii. \u00cen secolele trecute au ap\u0103rut epidemii \u00een mai toate \u0163\u0103rile , \u00eendeosebi \u00een unele regiuni al c\u0103ror sol era intens contaminat cu spori de bacili c\u0103rbuno\u015fi (\u201ec\u00e2mpiile blestemate\u201d din Fran\u0163a). Maret (1752) \u015fi Chaussier (1780) au descris c\u0103rbunele cutanat la om . Agentul cauzal al c\u0103rbunelui este prima bacterie pus\u0103 \u00een eviden\u0163\u0103 de Pollender (1849) \u015fi apoi de Davaine (1863) . Bacilul c\u0103rbunos a fost izolat \u015fi descris de Koch \u00een 1876 . \u00cen 1880-1881 , Pasteur a preparat un vaccin cu gernmeni atenua\u0163i , cu care a vaccinat cu succes animalele expuse la antrax. \u00centre 1895 \u015fi 1906 , a fost introdus \u00een terapeutic\u0103 serul antic\u0103rbunos . Etiologie Bacillus anthracis (genul Bacillus ; familia Bacilaceae) este un bacil lung (3-8 microni lungime) , grampozitiv , imobil , cu capetele t\u0103iate drept , izolat sau a\u015fezat \u00een lan\u0163uri scurte . \u00cen organism \u015fi pe geloz\u0103-s\u00e2nge apare \u00eenconjurat de o capsul\u0103. Nu este rezistent la c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u015fi la agen\u0163i chimici (moare \u00eentr-o or\u0103 la 55*). \u00cen afar\u0103 de forma vegetativ\u0103, bacilul c\u0103rbunos dezvolt\u0103 spori, \u00eens\u0103 numai \u00een prezen\u0163a oxigenului sau expunere la aer. Sporii sunt extrem de rezisten\u0163i, r\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2nd \u00een organismul animal, \u00een produsele acestuia (p\u0103r, piele) sau \u00een p\u0103m\u00e2nt timp de ani (chiar 40 de ani), mai ales dac\u0103 sunt feri\u0163i de lumin\u0103. Astfel se explic\u0103 persisten\u0163a contamin\u0103rii unor p\u0103\u015funi \u00een anumite regiuni, unde vitele se infecteaz\u0103 regulat. \u00cen laboratorul Institutului de igien\u0103 din Gotingen s-au g\u0103sit spori viabili, care au dezvoltat colonii dup\u0103 aproape 70 de ani de conservare. Pe frotiurile fixate \u015fi colorate, dup\u0103 metodele obi\u015fnuite, sporii r\u0103m\u00e2n viabili \u015fi virulen\u0163i, d\u00e2nd boala la \u015foareci. Sporii rezist\u0103 la c\u0103ldur\u0103 uscat\u0103 la 150*, timp de \u00bd-1 or\u0103; sunt distru\u015fi prin fierbere \u00een 10 minute. Sporii sunt distru\u015fi \u015fi prin formol 10%,\u00een15 minute, \u00eens\u0103 rezist\u0103 la solu\u0163ii de sublimat sau de fenol 5%.sunt mai sensibili la agen\u0163i oxidan\u0163i, fiind omor\u00e2\u0163i \u00een 15 minute de o solu\u0163ie 4% de MnO4K \u015fi \u00eentr-o or\u0103 de o solu\u0163ie 4% de peroxid de hidrogen. Sensibilitatea la antibiotice. Bacilul c\u0103rbunos este sensibil la: penicilin\u0103, tetracicline, cloramfenicol (cu varia\u0163ii pentru unele tulpini), ampicilin\u0103, eritromicin\u0103, kanamicin\u0103, \u015fi gentamicin\u0103. Este moderat sensibil la streptomicin\u0103. Morbiditatea la om este mare \u00een \u0163\u0103rile agricole \u015fi cu produc\u0163ie de animale, \u00een aceste \u0163\u0103ri: 17\/100000 de locuitori (Kenya), 25\/100000 de locuitori (Portugalia). \u00cen \u0163ara noastr\u0103 morbiditatea prin c\u0103rbune este redus\u0103, sc\u0103z\u00e2nd mult \u00een ultimii ani: 0,4\/100000 de locuitori, \u00een 1975 (fa\u0163\u0103 de 1,6\/100000 \u00een 1961). \u00cen \u0163\u0103rile cu caracter industrial, antraxul apare la muncitorii, care lucreaz\u0103 cu produse animale (p\u0103r, piei). Antraxul are un caracter de boal\u0103 infec\u0163ioas\u0103 profesional\u0103, afect\u00e2nd pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 zootehnicieni \u015fi agricultori, pe muncitorii care manipuleaz\u0103 animale sau produsele acestora: l\u00e2n\u0103, piei, p\u0103r. Tratamentul antimicrobian reprezint\u0103 medica\u0163ia de baz\u0103. Antibioticul de elec\u0163ie este penicilina G : 4 000 000-6000 000 U.\/24 de ore, timp de 7 zile. La cei sensibiliza\u0163i la penicilin\u0103, se recurge la tetraciclin\u0103 sau la eritromicin\u0103 (2-3 g\/24 de ore). \u00cen formele comune, medica\u0163ia antimicrobian\u0103 este suficient\u0103. Serul antic\u0103rbunos se adaug\u0103 la antiboticoterapie, \u00een cazurile grave, \u00een doze de 200ml\/24 de ore, timp de 2-3 zile. \u00cenainte de apari\u0163ia antibioticelor s-a \u00eenregistrat cu doze mari de ser o mortalitate de numai 4,8%, pe 247 cazuri. \u00cen cazuri de meningit\u0103, serul s-a aplicat \u015fi intrarahidian.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Antraxul este o boal\u0103 infec\u0163ioas\u0103 acut\u0103 , determinat\u0103 de Bacillus anthracis, afect\u00e2nd \u00een mod primar animalele \u015fi \u00eendeosebi ierbivorele , de la care poate fi transmis la om , sub dou\u0103 forme principale : c\u0103rbune extern sau cutanat (forma uzual\u0103) \u015fi c\u0103rbune intern (pulmonar , digestiv , meningian), de apari\u0163ie mai rar\u0103 . Istoric. Boala [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90962"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90962"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90962\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90962"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90962"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90962"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}