{"id":89738,"date":"2018-02-16T20:03:00","date_gmt":"2018-02-16T20:03:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-01-06T20:36:35","modified_gmt":"2023-01-06T20:36:35","slug":"stefan-cel-mare-ilustru-strateg-si","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/2018\/02\/16\/stefan-cel-mare-ilustru-strateg-si\/","title":{"rendered":"\u015eTEFAN CEL MARE, ILUSTRU STRATEG \u015eI G\u00c2NDITOR MILITAR AL ROM\u00c2NILOR ( 1457 &#8211; 1504 )"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><h3 class=\"post-title entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; position: relative;\"><\/h3>\n<div class=\"post-body entry-content\" id=\"post-body-4599238452960236687\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.7; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; width: 615px;\">\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoBodyText\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00censc\u0103unarea lui \u015etefan cel Mare urmeaz\u0103 \u00een istoria \u0162\u0103rii Rom\u00e2ne\u015fti MOLDOVA unei etape de un sfert de secol \u00een care amestecul brutal al puterilor \u00eenvecinate dusese la cedarea celor mai \u00eensemnate fortifica\u0163ii de frontier\u0103 ale Moldovei: Chilia \u015fi Hotinul. &nbsp;R\u0103mas singur c\u00e2rmuitor al \u0163\u0103rii \u00een mai 1455, voivodul Petru Aron \u015fi boierimea cu care guverna au fost pu\u015fi \u00een fa\u0163a planurilor de domina\u0163ie asupra bazinului pontic ale noului st\u0103p\u00e2nitor al Constantinopolului \u015fi al Str\u00e2mtorilor Bosfor \u015fi Dardanele, Mehmed al II-lea. Solu\u0163ia adoptat\u0103 de Petru Aron \u015fi sfetnicii s\u0103i \u00een urma Consiliului de la Vaslui (5 iunie 1456) a fost de a accepta plata unui tribut de 2000 de zlo\u0163i ungure\u015fti. \u201e\u00cenchinarea\u201d de la Vaslui a pecetluit \u00eens\u0103 portretul politic al voivodului Petru Aron. Pentru r\u0103stimpul domniei sale \u201dLetopise\u0163ul de la Putna\u201d ad\u0103ug\u0103 consemn\u0103rii odiosului asasinat de la Reuseni doar \u015ftirea de grav\u0103 rezonan\u0163\u0103 prin laconismul s\u0103u: \u201e\u015fi \u00een vremea lui s-a \u00eenceput darea turceasc\u0103\u201d.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">Concomitent, Petru Aron a ales calea recunoa\u015fterii suzeranit\u0103\u0163ii regelui Cazimir al IV-lea la 1 octombrie 1455 domnul Moldovei angaj\u00e2ndu-se s\u0103 presteze cuvenitul \u201eauxilium\u201d \u00eempotriva oric\u0103ror du\u015fmani.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">Fa\u0163\u0103 de Moldova lui Alexandru cel Bun aceea din 1456 \u2013 cu un domn vasal Poloniei \u015fi tributar otomanilor, lipsit\u0103 de fortifica\u0163iile Hotinului \u015fi ale Chiliei \u2013 se \u00eenf\u0103\u0163i\u015fa cu un statut interna\u0163ional diminuat.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">Era firesc ca domnia ce se preg\u0103tea, a lui \u015etefan Voivod, s\u0103 se \u00eentemeieze pe un program dinamic, recuperator \u015fi restaurator ale pozi\u0163iei principatului rom\u00e2nesc dintre Carpa\u0163ii Orientali, Nistru \u015fi Mare.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">Noul domn, prin originea \u015fi forma\u0163ia sa, era preg\u0103tit s\u0103 \u00eentruchipeze un asemenea program. N\u0103scut \u00een a doua jum\u0103tate a deceniului patru al secolului al XV-lea, \u015etefan Voivod era fiul lui Bogdan al II-lea \u015fi al Mariei \u2013 Oltea, descendenta unei familii boiere\u015fti din p\u0103r\u0163ile Bac\u0103ului. Tradi\u0163ia popular\u0103 leag\u0103 de Borze\u015fti copil\u0103ria viitorului domn, nepot direct, prin tat\u0103, al lui Alexandru cel Bun.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">Asociat de tat\u0103l s\u0103u la guvernarea \u0163\u0103rii \u015fi men\u0163ionat cu titlul de voivod \u00een actele de cancelarie ale domniei acestuia, prin\u0163ul \u015etefan a fost martor activ al victoriei din Codrii Crasnei (1450) \u00een fa\u0163a invaziei polone, dar a avut \u015fi trista experien\u0163\u0103 a mi\u015felescului asasinat de la Reuseni. Beneficiar al clauzei de ad\u0103post \u00een Transilvania, cuprins\u0103 \u00een tratatele dintre Iancu de Hunedoara \u015fi Bogdan al II-lea, t\u00e2n\u0103rul voivod avea s\u0103 creasc\u0103 \u00een atmosfera propice din preajma marelui c\u0103pitan \u015fi a lui Vlad \u0162epe\u015f, protejatul acestuia. Era un mediu prielnic form\u0103rii unui domn energic, cunosc\u0103tor al prerogativelor sale, familiarizat cu arta r\u0103zboiului al c\u0103rui des\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fit exponent se ilustrase \u201ecruciatul de s\u00e2nge rom\u00e2nesc\u201d Iancu de Hunedoara.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">Pe 12 aprilie 1457 \u015etefan a \u00eenfr\u00e2nt for\u0163ele lui Petu Aron la Dolje\u015fti pe Siret, l\u00e2ng\u0103 g\u00e2rla numit\u0103 HREASCA. \u00cen c\u00e2mp, pe drumul Siretului, \u00eentr-o adunare a st\u0103rilor (\u201es-au adunat \u0163ara\u201d), printr-un act considerat de contemporani \u201ede justitiv\u201d \u2013 de unde perpetuarea numelui \u201eDreptate\u201d dat de atunci locului -, \u015etefan a fost \u00een\u0103l\u0163at \u00een scaunul domnesc al Moldovei \u015fi uns de mitropolitul Teoctist.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">Lunga \u015fi glorioasa sa domnie coincide \u00een istoria poporului rom\u00e2n cu perioada maximei afirm\u0103ri a Moldovei ca for\u0163\u0103 politic\u0103 \u015fi militar\u0103 \u00een estul \u015fi sud-estul Europei. \u015ei aceasta pentru c\u0103 \u015etefan, chibzuit gospodar, ferm conduc\u0103tor de \u0163ar\u0103 \u015fi ne\u00eentrecut comandant militar, a reu\u015fit ca nimeni altul p\u00e2n\u0103 la el s\u0103 promoveze cu succes politica de consolidare a autorit\u0103\u0163ii centrale \u2013 pe plan intern \u2013 \u015fi de ap\u0103rare a neat\u00e2rn\u0103rii pe plan extern.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">Desf\u0103\u015fur\u00e2nd o politic\u0103 activ\u0103, \u00een\u0163eleapt\u0103 \u015fi l\u0103rgind considerabil aria negocierilor de alian\u0163\u0103, de la Vene\u0163ia, p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u00eendep\u0103rtatul han turcoman UZUN HASSAN, destinat s\u0103 \u00eendeplineasc\u0103 func\u0163ia unei diversiuni \u00een flancul oriental al Imperiului Otoman, \u015etefan cel Mare a izbutit s\u0103 asigure, \u00eentre rivalit\u0103\u0163ile concurente ale regatelor polon \u015fi ungur pentru domina\u0163ia spa\u0163iului rom\u00e2nesc \u015fi \u00een fa\u0163a uria\u015fei for\u0163e militare a temutului cuceritor al Constantinopolului, sultanul Mehmed al II-lea, independen\u0163a \u00een fapt a \u0163\u0103rii sale, s\u0103 dea Moldovei cel mai \u00eenalt prestigiu interna\u0163ional \u00een epoca medieval\u0103. Confruntat \u00eendeosebi cu marea primejdie creat\u0103 de expansiunea otoman\u0103 care amenin\u0163a nu numai Moldova, Muntenia \u015fi Transilvania dar \u015fi celelalte state sud-est \u015fi central Europene, preocupat \u00een permanen\u0163\u0103 de a asigura lini\u015ftea, bun\u0103starea \u015fi libertatea \u0163\u0103rii sale \u015fi a \u00eentregului spa\u0163iu Carpato-Danubiano-Pontic, marele voivod rom\u00e2n s-a angajat \u00eentr-o lupt\u0103 care implica un uria\u015f efort militar \u015fi politic, mobilizarea tuturor resurselor rom\u00e2ne\u015fti, g\u0103sirea unor forme \u015fi metode noi de ac\u0163iune pe scar\u0103 strategic\u0103 \u015fi tactic\u0103, \u00een sf\u00e2r\u015fit o ampl\u0103 politic\u0103 de alian\u0163e pe plan interna\u0163ional.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoBodyTextIndent\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;\"><span lang=\"RO\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Cum era \u015fi firesc, concep\u0163ia sa politico-militar\u0103 a vizat s\u0103 realizeze mai \u00eent\u00e2i unitatea de ac\u0163iune a Moldovei cu Transilvania \u015fi \u0162ara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, s\u0103 \u00eenchege un puternic front antiotoman rom\u00e2nesc, a\u015fa cum \u00eel \u00eenf\u0103ptuise cu alte mijloace \u015fi \u00eentr-o alt\u0103 etap\u0103 istoric\u0103 Iancu de Hunedoara. De asemenea, asigurarea unui larg sistem de alian\u0163e cu statele europene cre\u015ftine a fost \u00eentrev\u0103zut\u0103 ca o cale de sporire a eficien\u0163ei efortului de ap\u0103rare al poporului rom\u00e2n. Din p\u0103cate \u00eens\u0103, la ceasul decisiv c\u00e2nd a trebuit s\u0103 \u00eenfrunte puhoiul otoman ori armatele altor state cotropitoare, cu excep\u0163ii insignifiante, rom\u00e2nii au trebuit s\u0103 se bizuie doar pe propriile lor for\u0163e. Meritul incontestabil al rom\u00e2nilor sub \u015etefan cel Mare const\u0103 \u00een aceea c\u0103, \u00een asemenea \u00eemprejur\u0103ri potrivnice, nu&nbsp; s-au l\u0103sat cople\u015fi\u0163i, nu au depus armele, ci, condu\u015fi de marele domn, s-au av\u00e2ntat cu energie \u015fi \u00eencredere \u00eempotriva tuturor du\u015fmanilor, pe care i-au biruit \u015fi izgonit&nbsp; din&nbsp; \u0163ar\u0103,&nbsp; demonstr\u00e2nd&nbsp;&nbsp; o&nbsp;&nbsp; dat\u0103&nbsp;&nbsp; mai&nbsp;&nbsp; mult&nbsp; c\u0103&nbsp; un&nbsp; popor nu poate fi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">2.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoBodyText\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00eenfr\u00e2nt atunci c\u00e2nd \u00ee\u015fi manifest\u0103 hot\u0103r\u00e2t voin\u0163a de a tr\u0103i liber.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Pentru aceste aspira\u0163ii legitime, str\u0103vechiul p\u0103m\u00e2nt rom\u00e2nesc al Moldovei \u015fi celelalte \u0163inuturi ale patriei au fost stropite din bel\u015fug cu s\u00e2ngele celor mai buni fii ai poporului nostru. \u015ei tocmai patriotismul fierbinte, ata\u015famentul neclintit fa\u0163\u0103 de cauza libert\u0103\u0163ii, i-au dat poporului rom\u00e2n t\u0103ria de a ie\u015fi \u00eenving\u0103tor \u2013 a\u015fa cum a fost la Baia, Vaslui sau Codrii Cosminului, b\u0103t\u0103lii care, al\u0103turi de numeroase altele, au intrat \u00een istoria noastr\u0103 ca adev\u0103rate momente de glorie rom\u00e2neasc\u0103.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u015etefan cel Mare a ridicat arta militar\u0103 rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 pe culmi \u00eenc\u0103 neatinse, perfec\u0163ion\u00e2nd \u015fi \u00eembog\u0103\u0163ind principiile \u015fi procedeele de lupt\u0103 folosite de \u00eenainta\u015fii s\u0103i. El a \u015ftiut s\u0103 conduc\u0103 cu m\u0103iestrie cele 36 de r\u0103zboaie, dintre care 34 victorioase, spre lini\u015ftea \u015fi ap\u0103rarea \u0163\u0103rii.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sub steagul \u0163\u0103rii, la chemarea domnului, \u00een caz de mare primejdie, se puteau aduna \u00een scurt\u0103 vreme 40.000 sau chiar 60.000 de lupt\u0103tori, adic\u0103 oastea de \u0163ar\u0103, format\u0103 din locuitorii mun\u0163ilor \u015fi v\u0103ilor, ai satelor \u015fi t\u00e2rgurilor moldovene\u015fti \u201e<i>frumo\u015fi lupt\u0103tori, simpli, cu c\u0103ciuli \u00eenalte, lungi plete \u015fi ochi de foc, purt\u00e2nd unelte de munc\u0103 pref\u0103cute \u00een unelte de lupt\u0103 \u015fi arcuri at\u00e2rnate pe umeri\u201d&nbsp;<\/i>\u2013 cum \u00eei descrie Nicolae Iorga.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00cen fruntea unei asemenea o\u015ftiri, cu un pronun\u0163at caracter popular, de mas\u0103, marele voivod a \u00eenfruntat valurile de n\u0103v\u0103litori, i-a nimicit adesea sau i-a alungat din \u0163ar\u0103.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Concomitent cu organizarea o\u015ftirii, \u015etefan cel Mare s-a preocupat de fortificarea \u0163\u0103rii. Astfel a fost des\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fit sistemul unitar de cet\u0103\u0163i al Moldovei, care punea la ad\u0103post \u0163ara fa\u0163\u0103 de atacurile du\u015fmanilor din orice direc\u0163ie ar veni. Despre acestea, cronicarul Miron Costin spunea: \u201e<i>Dar toate Cet\u0103\u0163ile acestea erau la \u00eenceput mai mici \u015fi aveau numai partea din mijloc ca ni\u015fte turnuri, zidurile de jur-\u00eemprejur le-au f\u0103cut domnii, cele mai multe \u00eens\u0103 au fost f\u0103cute de vestitul domn-b\u0103tr\u00e2nul \u015etefan Vod\u0103\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00cen vremurile tulburi, c\u00e2nd \u0163ara era amenin\u0163at\u0103, concep\u0163ia politic\u0103 \u015fi militar\u0103 a lui \u015etefan cel Mare \u015fi Consilierilor s\u0103i a avut \u00een vedere conjunctura interna\u0163ional\u0103, a urm\u0103rit cu perseveren\u0163\u0103 ca Moldova s\u0103 nu aib\u0103 niciodat\u0103 doi sau mai mul\u0163i adversari \u00een acela\u015fi timp, a apreciat corect situa\u0163ia politico-strategic\u0103 general\u0103, raportul de for\u0163e \u015fi a desprins concluziile necesare \u00een interesul \u0163\u0103rii sale. Marele domnitor, exponent al demnit\u0103\u0163ii rom\u00e2ne\u015fti, a urm\u0103rit ca alian\u0163ele, atunci c\u00e2nd se realizau, s\u0103 nu amenin\u0163e \u00een nici un fel neat\u00e2rnarea Moldovei s\u0103 nu se transforme \u00eentr-o camuflat\u0103 subordonare fa\u0163\u0103 de o putere str\u0103in\u0103. Iar atunci c\u00e2nd regele Poloniei, Ioan Albert, a considerat c\u0103 alian\u0163a \u00eei d\u0103 dreptul la direct\u0103 \u00eencercare de supunere a Moldovei, aceasta, sub \u015etefan cel Mare, i-a replicat cu unicul limbaj posibil \u00een situa\u0163ia dat\u0103 \u015fi \u00een at\u00e2tea altele, cel din Codrii Cosminului (26 octombrie 1497).<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u015etefan cel Mare a fost unul din domnitorii care a aplicat toate formele strategice&nbsp; de&nbsp; ducere&nbsp; a&nbsp; r\u0103zboiului.&nbsp; Ap\u0103rare&nbsp; activ\u0103,&nbsp; cu&nbsp; acele&nbsp; trei&nbsp; faze&nbsp; ale&nbsp; ei:<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">3.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">h\u0103r\u0163uirea inamicului pe c\u0103ile de \u00eenaintare, b\u0103t\u0103lia hot\u0103r\u00e2toare \u015fi urm\u0103rirea for\u0163elor de invazie p\u00e2n\u0103 la alungarea acestora peste frontiere, a constituit forma principal\u0103, ilustrat\u0103 conving\u0103tor \u00een vremea r\u0103zboiului din 1467 cu armata regatului Ungariei \u015fi \u00eendeosebi \u00een iarna anului 1475 la Vaslui atunci c\u00e2nd b\u0103t\u0103lia decisiv\u0103 se \u00eencheia nefavorabil, cum a fost la Valea Alb\u0103 \u00een iulie 1476, voivodul ajutat de p\u00e2rc\u0103labii \u015fi c\u0103pitanii s\u0103i \u00ee\u015fi ref\u0103cea \u00een scurt timp oastea \u015fi trecea la contraofensiv\u0103.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Strategia lui \u015etefan cel Mare s-a remarcat prin originalitate, \u00eendr\u0103zneala solu\u0163iilor, varietatea \u015fi metodelor de ac\u0163iune utilizate pentru \u00eenf\u0103ptuirea obiectivului principal, conferind marelui voivod un statut aparte \u00een galeria marilor comandan\u0163i ai epocii. Antonio Bonfini, spunea c\u0103 domnul rom\u00e2n&nbsp;<i>\u201eera \u00eensufle\u0163it pentru lucruri frumoase \u015fi, m\u00e2ndru, activ \u015fi sta\u015fnic \u00een r\u0103zboi\u201d<\/i>. Iar Nicolae Iorga \u00een frumoasa caracterizare ar\u0103ta \u201e<i>c\u0103 a cioplit piatra scump\u0103 a vitejiei rom\u00e2ne\u015fti, ce a sc\u00e2nteiat \u00een focul r\u0103zboaielor drepte \u015fi cumin\u0163i cu at\u00e2ta str\u0103lucire \u00eenc\u00e2t a uimit neamurile\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Succesele militare dob\u00e2ndite de oastea comandat\u0103 de marele domn au avut un puternic ecou \u00een epoc\u0103.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><i><span lang=\"RO\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u201eFaptele tale contra turcilor p\u0103g\u00e2ni au adus at\u00e2ta celebritate numelui t\u0103u \u00eenc\u00e2t toat\u0103 lumea vorbe\u015fte despre tine \u015fi, \u00een unanimitate e\u015fti foarte l\u0103udat\u201d.&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span lang=\"RO\">Cuvintele Papei Sixt al IV-lea adresate lui \u015etefan cel Mare \u00een prim\u0103vara anului 1475, la scurt\u0103 vreme dup\u0103 victoria de la Vaslui sunt o dovad\u0103 sigur\u0103 c\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 din timpul vie\u0163ii faima sa dep\u0103\u015fise grani\u0163ele \u0163\u0103rii, impun\u00e2ndu-l lumii ca pe o personalitate politic\u0103 de prim\u0103 m\u0103rime.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Anun\u0163at\u0103 de \u201eploi mari \u015fi rev\u0103rs\u0103ri de ape \u015fi potopuri\u201d, dup\u0103 consemnarea&nbsp;<i>\u201eCRONICII ANONIME A MOLDOVEI\u201d<\/i>&nbsp;moartea lui \u015etefan cel Mare \u2013 \u201emar\u0163i, 2 iulie 1504, la 4 ceasuri den zi\u201d \u2013 a fost imediat resim\u0163it\u0103 at\u00e2t de rom\u00e2ni c\u00e2t \u015fi de popoarele \u015fi statele vecine. Dinamismul personalit\u0103\u0163ii sale marcase o jum\u0103tate de secol din istoria rom\u00e2nilor \u015fi bazelestatele solide ce \u015ftiuse a le construi aveau s\u0103 asigure \u00eenc\u0103 decenii \u00een \u015fir str\u0103lucirea \u0162\u0103rii Rom\u00e2ne\u015fti Moldova \u015fi, o dat\u0103 cu ea, a \u00eentregii civiliza\u0163ii rom\u00e2ne\u015fti.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Poporul rom\u00e2n a \u015ftiut s\u0103 cinsteasc\u0103 cum se cuvine memoria aceluia care-l \u00eendrumase ca nimeni altul \u00een epoc\u0103 spre culmile gloriei \u015fi demnit\u0103\u0163ii.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>\u201eCel mare\u201d, \u201ecel Bun\u201d, cel Viteaz\u201d, \u201ecel Sf\u00e2nt\u201d,&nbsp;<\/i>sunt apelative care exprim\u0103 venera\u0163ie<i>&nbsp;<\/i>\u015fi f\u0103r\u0103 de care numele marelui b\u0103rbat n-a fost rostit niciodat\u0103 pe p\u0103m\u00e2ntul rom\u00e2nesc.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00cen con\u015ftiin\u0163a poporului, trecerea timpului a f\u0103cut din \u015etefan cel Mare un erou popular devenind un model suprem al vitejiei, cinstei, drept\u0103\u0163ii \u015fi omeniei. El este deopotriv\u0103 \u0163\u0103ran, osta\u015f, sf\u00e2nt \u015fi \u00eemp\u0103rat. Are puterea de a face minuni, de a \u00eenvia mor\u0163ii \u015fi de a proroci, deoarece el nu este mort, ci doarme la Putna de unde se ridic\u0103 \u00een momente grele pentru \u0163ar\u0103. A\u015fa s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat \u00een 1877, c\u00e2nd, poveste\u015fte un \u0163\u0103ran, combatant \u00een r\u0103zboiul de independen\u0163\u0103: \u201e<i>s-a sculat din morm\u00e2nt&nbsp; \u015fi&nbsp; duhul lui&nbsp; a&nbsp; c\u00e2rmuit&nbsp; \u015fi&nbsp; a pov\u0103\u0163uit o\u015ftirea de i-a b\u0103tut pe&nbsp; turci,&nbsp; s\u0103&nbsp;<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\">4.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoBodyText\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><i><span lang=\"RO\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">mai simt\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 o dat\u0103 trec\u00e2nd prin ei spaima de alt\u0103 dat\u0103\u201d.<\/span><\/i><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoBodyText\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Numele s\u0103u este c\u00e2ntat \u00een colinde \u015fi pomenit \u00een desc\u00e2ntece \u2013 de dragoste, &#8211; de bun\u0103 menire, &#8211; de m\u00e2ng\u00e2iere, este pe buzele mamei c\u00e2nd \u00ee\u015fi alint\u0103 copilul prin c\u00e2ntecul de leag\u0103n.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoBodyText\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ca un reflex al acestei st\u0103ri de spirit unanime, marii no\u015ftri oameni de cultur\u0103 \u2013 scriitori \u015fi istorici \u2013 s-au aplecat cu interes \u015fi luciditate asupra impun\u0103toarei personalit\u0103\u0163i a lui \u015etefan cel Mare, evoc\u00e2ndu-l pilduitor \u00een momentele hot\u0103r\u00e2toare ale istoriei noastre sau invoc\u00e2ndu-l justi\u0163iar \u00een clipele de restri\u015fte.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoBodyText\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RO\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Grigore Ureche, Ion Neculce, Gheorghe \u015eincai, Nicolae B\u0103lcescu, Vasile Alecsandri, Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu, Mihai Eminescu, A.D.Xenopol, Nicolae Iorga, Barbu \u015etef\u0103nescu Delavrancea, Mihail Sadoveanu, Adrian P\u0103unescu \u015f.a., sunt nume care dovedesc c\u0103 intelectualitatea noastr\u0103 s-a apropiat scrut\u0103tor de acela&nbsp; \u00een care \u201e<i>rom\u00e2nii au g\u0103sit&nbsp;<\/i>\u2013 cum scria N.Iorga \u2013<i>&nbsp;cea mai curat\u0103 \u015fi mai deplin\u0103 icoan\u0103 a sufletului s\u0103u\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00censc\u0103unarea lui \u015etefan cel Mare urmeaz\u0103 \u00een istoria \u0162\u0103rii Rom\u00e2ne\u015fti MOLDOVA unei etape de un sfert de secol \u00een care amestecul brutal al puterilor \u00eenvecinate dusese la cedarea celor mai \u00eensemnate fortifica\u0163ii de frontier\u0103 ale Moldovei: Chilia \u015fi Hotinul. &nbsp;R\u0103mas singur c\u00e2rmuitor al \u0163\u0103rii \u00een mai 1455, voivodul Petru Aron \u015fi boierimea cu care guverna [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89738"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89738"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89738\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89738"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=89738"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=89738"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}