{"id":89639,"date":"2018-02-16T21:33:00","date_gmt":"2018-02-16T21:33:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-01-06T20:35:53","modified_gmt":"2023-01-06T20:35:53","slug":"formarea-limbii-romane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/2018\/02\/16\/formarea-limbii-romane\/","title":{"rendered":"Formarea limbii rom\u00e2ne"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Dacii alc\u0103tuiesc baza etnic\u0103 a poporului nostru. Aceast\u0103 credin\u0163\u0103 o \u00eentemeiem pe urm\u0103toarea argumentare: grosul popula\u0163iei din Dacia Traian\u0103 l-au format da<\/span>cii. <\/i>Cu toate pierderile suferite \u00een cele dou\u0103 r\u0103zboaie, cu tot num\u0103rul \u00eensemnat al coloni\u015ftilor de limb\u0103 latin\u0103, ei <\/b>au p\u0103strat totu\u015fi preponderen\u0163a. Fiindc\u0103 dacii erau locuitorii satelor \u015fi, oric\u00e2t de numeroase au fost ora\u015fele din noua provincie, totu\u015fi satele le \u00eentreceau cumult. Dac\u0103 romanismul a prins r\u0103d\u0103cini <\/i><\/span>at\u00e2t de puternice \u015fi at\u00e2t de durabile \u00een st\u00e2nga Dun\u0103rii, e fiindc\u0103, purt\u0103tor al unei civiliza\u0163ii superioare, a c\u00e2\u015ftigat pe ace\u015fti daci, pe b\u0103\u015ftina\u015fi.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Pu\u0163inele informa\u0163ii de care dispunem asupra limbii str\u0103mo\u015filor no\u015ftri, constituie, evident, un handicap ; ele \u00eeng\u0103duie, totu\u015fi, c\u00e2teva concluzii semnificative. Pe temeiul cercet\u0103rilor \u00eentreprinse \u00een ultimele decenii, \u00een special de I.I. Russu \u2014 cercet\u0103ri care se \u00eentemeiaz\u0103 \u015fi pe compara\u0163ia cu limba albanez\u0103, <\/span>mo\u015ftenitoare a vechii limbi ilire, care, la r\u00e2ndu-i, era \u00eenrudit\u0103 cu limba trac\u0103, deci \u015fi cu limba dacic\u0103 s-au putut totu\u015fi stabili un num\u0103r de 160 de termeni rom\u00e2ne\u015fti care sunt de origine geto-dac\u0103. Ace\u015fti termeni privesc o arie foarte larg\u0103, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu corpul omenesc (beregat\u0103, buz\u0103, ceaf\u0103, grumaz,<\/span>gu\u015f\u0103), cu familia (copil, prunc, zestre), cu locuin\u0163a (vatr\u0103, c\u0103tun, colib\u0103), cu \u00een<\/span>deletnicirile agricole, p\u0103store\u015fti, viti<\/span>cole \u015fi piscicole (maz\u0103re, \u0163arin\u0103 ; baci, br\u00eenz\u0103, m\u00eenz, strung\u0103, \u0163ap, \u0163arc, urd\u0103, zar\u0103 ; butuc, curpen, gordin, strugure ; balt\u0103, gard), cu mediul fizic (m\u0103gur\u0103, mal), cu flora (brad, br\u00e2ndu\u015fe, brusture, bunget, copac, gorun, leurd\u0103, mugure), cu fauna (balaur, barz\u0103, ghionoaie, <\/span>melc, mistre\u0163, n\u0103p\u00e2rc\u0103, r\u00e2nz\u0103, \u015fop\u00e2rl\u0103, viezure, zimbru), cu diferite ac\u0163iuni (a r\u0103bda, a speria, a zburda) \u015fi al\u0163i termeni<\/span>(ciuc\u0103, \u0163eap\u0103) etc. Desigur, num\u0103rul <\/span>acestor termeni va spori prin cercet\u0103rile ulterioare. Ele ne vor ar\u0103ta de asemenea \u015fi alte aspecte ale mo\u015ftenirii lingvistice ; de pe acum se consider\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 c\u0103 apar\u0163in acestei mo\u015fteniri sufixele at\u00e2t de frecvente \u015fi de caracteristic rom\u00e2ne\u015fti : -esc, -e\u015fte <\/i>(omenesc, cr\u0103<\/span>iesc, b\u0103rb\u0103te\u015fte, trupe\u015fte).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Ni s-au p\u0103strat p\u00e2n\u0103 azi de la daci \u00een mod sigur c\u00e2teva nume de ape : \u00een primul r\u00e2ndDun\u0103rea <\/i>care deriv\u0103 dintr-un Dunaris <\/span><\/i>dacic ; apoi Arge\u015ful <\/i>din Arges-<\/i><\/span><\/span>sos <\/span><\/i>(la Herodot, deformat: Ordessos) ; B\u00eerzava, <\/i>al c\u0103rei nume se reg\u0103se\u015fte \u00een ora\u015ful dacic Berzobis. Some\u015ful: <\/i>o inscrip\u0163ie latin\u0103 din \u0163inuturile udate de acest r\u00e2u vorbe\u015fte de \u201eSamus”; <\/i>este sigur c\u0103 romanii au p\u0103strat vechiul nume, autohton. Acela\u015fi lucru cu Oltul <\/i>\u2014, Aluta <\/i>\u00een izvoarele latine \u015fi cu Tisa<\/i>. In izvoa<\/span>rele mai t\u00e2rzii, apare sub forma Pathissus <\/i>\u015fi Tisia. Mure\u015ful <\/i>are foarte probabil o leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu vechiul Maris, <\/i><\/span>pomenit de Herodot. Ampoiul<\/i>red\u0103 un vechi nume autohton, printr-o form\u0103 intermediar\u0103 latin\u0103 ; Motrul <\/i>este sigur dacic. Tot de la daci poate s\u0103 vie \u015fi Cerna, <\/i>dac\u0103 numele ei este identic cu acela al ora\u015fului dacic Tsierna, <\/i>care se rnai g\u0103se\u015fte \u00een izvoarele istorice \u015fi sub forma <\/span><\/span>D<\/span>i<\/span>e<\/span>r<\/span>n<\/span>a<\/span> ( Ptole<\/span>meu :  <\/span>D<\/span> <\/span>grecesc se pronun\u0163\u0103 \u00een rom\u00e2ne\u015fte dz ), Tierna <\/i>(Tabula Peutingeri-an\u0103),Dierna <\/i>inscrip\u0163ie latin\u0103), Zerna <\/i><\/span>(Digestele lui Ulpianus). Ad\u0103ug\u0103m c\u0103 ora\u015ful se afla chiar la v\u0103rsarea r\u00e2ului \u00een Dun\u0103re. Buz\u0103ul <\/i>credem a fi iar\u0103\u015fi dacic : un izvor grec din secolul al IV-lea   ne-a p\u0103strat numele lui sub forma <\/span>M<\/span>o<\/span>n<\/span>e<\/span>o<\/span>x<\/span>; care poate fi foarte bine o<\/span>transcriere gre\u015fit\u0103 a lui <\/span>M<\/span>o<\/span>n<\/span>e<\/span>o<\/span>x<\/span> (M<\/span>p<\/span> \u00een grece\u015fte se pronun\u0163\u0103 b). De aceea\u015fi origine dacic\u0103 par a fi \u015fi numele r\u00e2urilor <\/span>Jiu, Gilort, Lotru, Ibru <\/span><\/i>\u015fi Vedea.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00cen ce prive\u015fte numele de localit\u0103\u0163i, siguran\u0163\u0103 n-avem p\u00een\u0103 acum dec\u00e2t pentru Abrud.<\/i>Acesta deriv\u0103 din Abruttus: <\/i>compar\u0103 cu Abrittus <\/i>din Moesia, pome<\/span>nit \u00een inscrip\u0163iile latine. Poate c\u0103 \u015fi Tapae, <\/i>unde s-au dat cele dou\u0103 lupte \u00eentre Decebal \u015fi romani s\u0103 se fi p\u0103strat \u00een numele satului b\u0103n\u0103\u0163ean de ast\u0103zi T\u0103pia, dup\u0103 cum \u00een topicele dobrogene H\u00eer\u015fova, B\u0103roiu \u015fi Oltina s-ar putea s\u0103 reg\u0103sim vechile Carsium, Berrhoe, Altinum (transformarea lui a \u00een o \u2014 pentru ultimul exemplu o constat\u0103m \u00een celebra inscrip\u0163ie privind sf\u00e2r\u015fitul lui Decebal, inscrip\u0163ie \u00een care numele \u00eemp\u0103ratului Traianus este redat Troianus). <\/span>C\u00e2t despre capital\u0103, Sarmizegetusa, \u015fi ora\u015fele mari: Apullum, Napoca, Porolissum, Malva, Drobeta sau m\u0103car cele<\/span>lalte centre urbane, nu s-a p\u0103strat nici un nume. Lipsa de continuitate sub <\/span>acest raport nu trebuie s\u0103 mire : a\u015fez\u0103rile urbane au fost doar acelea asupra c\u0103rora s-au n\u0103pustit popoarele n\u0103v\u0103litoare \u00een primul r\u00e2nd : ele au \u015fi disp\u0103rut \u00een primul r\u00e2nd. Dar, disp\u0103r\u00e2nd via\u0163a municipal\u0103 \u00een Dacia \u2014 n-avem \u00een limba <\/span>rom\u00e2n\u0103, cu excep\u0163ia termenilor cetate, <\/i>din civitas <\/i>\u015fi p\u0103m\u00e2nt <\/i>din pavimentum, <\/i><\/span>nici un cuv\u00e2nt care s\u0103 aminteasc\u0103 aceast\u0103 via\u0163\u0103 municipal\u0103, institu\u0163iile sau <\/span>func\u0163ionarii ei era natural s\u0103 dispar\u0103 \u015fi numele ora\u015felor respective. C\u00e2t despre numele satelor, r\u0103m\u00e2ne ca materialul nou documentar \u00een genul, de pild\u0103, al celui descoperit \u00een tabulele cerate, s\u0103 ne dea putin\u0163a unei compara\u0163ii din care s\u0103 rezulte concluzii precise.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Este sigur c\u0103 printre \u00eenainta\u015fii poporului rom\u00e2n un loc important \u00eel ocup\u0103 coloni\u015ftii adu\u015fi de imperiu \u00een Dacia. Nu zicem \u201eromani” fiindc\u0103 dac\u0103 e s\u0103 lu\u0103m <\/span>cuvintele \u00een sensul lor propriu, romani adev\u0103ra\u0163i, adic\u0103 locuitori al Italiei, au fost, dup\u0103 cum am v\u0103zut, prea pu\u0163ini. Au venit, \u00een schimb, traci, iliri, panoni, r\u0103s\u0103riteni, vorbind limba latin\u0103. Au mai<\/span>venit de asemenea, dar Intr-o m\u0103sur\u0103 mult mai mic\u0103, greci, precum \u015fi locuitori de alt neam, dar vorbind limba greac\u0103. To\u0163i ace\u015fti coloni\u015fti la un loc <\/span>n-au \u00eentrecut \u00eens\u0103, ca num\u0103r, pe autohtoni, pe daci. A\u015fadar, sub raportul num\u0103rului, coloni\u015ftii de limb\u0103 latin\u0103ocup\u0103 al doilea loc.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Ei ocup\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 primul \u00een ce prive\u015fte limba poporului care a rezultat din <\/span>amestecul lor cu autohtonii. Limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 e o limb\u0103 romanic\u0103 : structura ei, <\/span>morfologia, sintaxa \u015fi elementele fundamentale ale lexicului, acelea de \u00eentre<\/span>buin\u0163are permanent\u0103, de circula\u0163ie intens\u0103, sunt latine. Ceea ce au ad\u0103ugat pe <\/span>urm\u0103 slavii, \u00een mai mare m\u0103sur\u0103, popoarele turce\u015fti, \u00een mai mic\u0103, n-a putut modifica acest oaracter ini\u0163ial \u015fi fundamental al limbii noastre.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Pentru toate categoriile esen\u0163iale ale vie\u0163ii omene\u015fti \u00eentrebuin\u0163\u0103m termeni latini. S\u0103 d\u0103m c\u00e2teva exemple. Astfel, pentru a exprima no\u0163iunile generale de <\/span>om, b\u0103rbat \u015fi femeie (homo, barbatus, familia; mulier <\/i>din care a rezultat, \u00een rom\u00e2ne\u015fte, muiere),<\/i>precum \u015fi pe acelea care privesc familia: p\u0103rinte <\/i><\/span><\/span>(parentem), fiu (filius), sor\u0103 (soror), <\/span><\/i>frate (frater), cumnat (cognatus), socru (socer), ginere (generem), nepot (nepos, <\/span>-tem). <\/span><\/i>Multe din \u00eensu\u015firile trupe\u015fti \u015fi suflete\u015fti, precum \u015fi v\u00e2rsta, se exprim\u0103 tot prin termeni latini:bun (bonus), frumos (formosus), tin\u0103r (tener), b\u0103tr\u00e2n (veteranus; <\/i>pentru acest cuv\u00e2nt, a c\u0103rui istorie are o deosebit\u00e2 \u00eensemn\u0103tate).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Dac\u0103 trecem acum la \u00eendeletniciri, vom constata, de pild\u0103, \u00een agricultur\u0103, c\u0103 opera\u0163iile mai \u00eensemnate, precum \u015fi cerealele poart\u0103 nume de aceea\u015fi origine : a ara (arare), a sem\u0103na (semi-nare), a treiera (tribulare), a secera (si<\/span>cilare), a culege (colligere), a \u00eentoarce <\/i>sem\u0103n\u0103tura ner\u0103s\u0103rit\u0103 sau r\u0103s\u0103rit\u0103 r\u0103u (intorquere). <\/i>Apoi, gr\u00e2u (granum), secar\u0103 (secale), meiu (milium), orz (hordeum), alac (alica), <\/i>termen. p\u0103strat numai la nordul Dun\u0103rii, dovedind deci continuitatea daco-roman\u0103, par\u00eeng (panicum), <\/i>poate \u015fim\u0103lai. <\/i>\u00cen leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu acestea, spic (spicum), paie (palea), neghin\u0103 (nigellina).<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Tot astfel p\u0103m\u00e2nt (pavimentum <\/i>ca \u015fi pentru veteranus), c\u00e2mp (campus), arie (area), agru (ager, agrum), falce (falx, f\u0103lcem), moin\u0103 (moi <\/span><\/i>din mollius), <\/i>adic\u0103 p\u0103m\u00e2ntul<\/span>f\u0103r\u0103mi\u0163at, moale, \u00een opozi\u0163ie cu \u0163elina care e p\u0103m\u00e2ntul nelucrat. \u00een sf\u00e2r\u015fit, c\u00e2teva unelte : jug (jugum), furc\u0103 (furca), <\/i><\/span>secere (sicilis, sic\u00eelem) <\/span><\/i>\u015fi macedo-rom\u00e2nul arat (aratum), <\/i>\u00een locul plugului <\/span>nostru. Caracteristic e faptul c\u0103 \u00een cele dou\u0103 forme superioare de agricultur\u0103, \u00een viticultur\u0103 \u015fi \u00een gr\u0103din\u0103rie, \u015fi, mai ales, contrar a\u015ftept\u0103rilor, \u00een ce prive\u015fteultima care e considerat\u0103 de obicei ca o specialitate a vednilor slavi, marea ma<\/span>joritate a termenilor sunt tot latini. Astfel, pentru viticultiir\u0103, not\u0103m : vie (vi<\/i>nea), vi\u0163\u0103 (vitea), poam\u0103 (poma); au\u0103, <\/i>\u00eensemn\u00e2nd dialectal strugure cu bob m\u0103runt, iar \u00een macedo-rom\u00e2n\u0103, strugure \u00een general (uva), must (mustum), vin (vinum), vina\u0163 (vinaceus), poa\u015fc\u0103,<\/i>adic\u0103 vin prost, acru (posca; <\/i>\u00eenseamn\u0103, \u00een latine\u015fte, o\u0163et), apoi coard\u0103 (corda) <\/i>\u015fi<\/span>l\u0103urusc\u0103 <\/i>sau vi\u0163\u0103 s\u0103lbatic\u0103 (Zabrusca). Din uneltele \u00eentrebuin\u0163ate, c\u0103lc\u0103torul (calcatorium), cada (cada). <\/i>\u00cen sf\u00eer\u015fit, \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu vinul, beat (bibitus), be\u0163iv (bibitivus)<\/i>\u015fi a \u00eemb\u0103ta (imbibitare).<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00cen ce prive\u015fte gr\u0103din\u0103ria, poart\u0103 nume latine : ceapa (caepa), aiul <\/i>sau us<\/span>turoiul (alium), varza (virida, viridia) <\/i>sau curechiul (cauliculus), ridichea (radi<\/i><\/span>cula), napul (napus), pepenele (pepo, pe-<\/span>ponem), l\u0103ptuca (lactuca), lintea (lens, lentem), <\/i>arom\u00e2nul \u0163au\u0103 (faba). <\/i>Tot latin e cuv\u00e2ntul legum\u0103 (legumen), <\/i>care \u00eenseamn\u0103 nu numai fruct \u00een form\u0103 de p\u0103staie, dar \u015fi tot ce \u00eenso\u0163e\u015fte m\u0103m\u0103liga sau p\u00e2inea, adic\u0103 br\u00e2nza, carnea, pe\u015ftele etc. Evolu\u0163ia semantic\u0103 sau de \u00een\u0163eles a acestui cuv\u00e2nt e caracteristic\u0103 : ea arat\u0103 partea \u00eensemnat\u0103 pe care au avut-o \u00eentotdeauna legumele, \u00een alimenta\u0163ia poporului nostru, de vreme ce s-a ales acest termen pentru a se designa orice se adaug\u0103 la mas\u0103 m\u0103m\u0103ligii sau p\u00e2inii.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Mul\u0163i arbori fructiferi poart\u0103 de asemenea numiri latine. Mai \u00eent\u00e2i \u00eensu\u015fi cuv\u00e2ntul generic pom (pomum), <\/i>apoi m\u0103rul (melum <\/i>\u015fi malum), p\u0103rul (p\u00eerus), cire\u015ful (ceresius, <\/i>\u00een loc de ceraseus, <\/i>din cerasus), prunul (prunus), piersicul (pers\u00eecus), nucul (nux, nucis), alunul (abellana, aluna), gutuiul (cutoneus) <\/i>\u015fi cornul (cornus). <\/i>Unele colective terminate \u00een -et au aeeea\u015fi origine : Nucet (nucetum), <\/i>vechiul nume al Coziei, cornet (cornetum),<\/i>adic\u0103 p\u0103dure de corni ( numele m\u0103n\u0103stirii Cornet, pe valea<\/span> <\/span>Oltului), prunet (prunetum), peret (pire<\/i><\/span>tum) <\/span><\/i>\u015fi ulmet (ulmetum). <\/i>De asemenea genericul pomet <\/i>sau pom\u0103t, oare deriv\u0103 <\/span>din pometum. <\/i>Luna iunie, c\u00e2nd se coc cire\u015fele, a fost mimit\u0103, din aceast\u0103 pricin\u0103, \u015fi cire\u015far, <\/i>dup\u0103 oum lunii septem<\/span>brie i se zice \u00een unele p\u0103r\u0163i \u015fi vinicer, <\/i>adic\u0103 luna vinului.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Interesant\u0103 de urm\u0103rit, sub raportul termenilor de origine latin\u0103, este opera\u0163iunea transform\u0103rii gr\u00e2ului \u00een p\u00e2ine. <\/span>Gr\u00e2ul se macin\u0103 (machinare) <\/i>la moar\u0103 (mola) <\/i>sau sepiseaz\u0103 (pinsare) <\/i>\u00een piu\u0103 (p\u00eella, <\/i>din pttula, <\/i>diminiutiv al cuv\u00eentului pila), pref\u0103c\u00eendu-se astfel \u00een f\u0103in\u0103 (farina). <\/i>Aceasta se cerne (cernere) <\/i>cu ciurul (cibrum, <\/i>prin disimilare din cribrum), se amestec\u0103 cu ap\u0103 (aqua) <\/i>\u015fi cu alnat (allevatum), <\/i>se fr\u0103m\u00e2nt\u0103 (fermentare),<\/i>se soage (subigere), <\/i>adic\u0103 se d\u0103 form\u0103 de p\u00e2ine \u015fi se pune pe c\u00e2rp\u0103tor (coopertorium)<\/i>sau \u00een \u0163est (\u0163estum). <\/i>Urmeaz\u0103 apoi coacerea (coquere) <\/i>\u00een cuptor (coctorium) <\/i>p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2ndp\u00e2inea (panis, panem) e <\/i>gata. Din f\u0103ina de gr\u00e2u se mai poate face pl\u0103cint\u0103 (placenta) <\/i>\u015fiv\u0103rzare <\/i><\/span>(vir[i]diar\u00eea), <\/i>din cea de meiu, p\u0103sat (quassatum).<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Dac\u0103 am insistat asupra termenilor \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu agricultura, este pentru a ar\u0103ta \u00een mod limpede caracterul sedentar, legat de p\u0103m\u00eent, pe care 1-au avut str\u0103mo\u015fii no\u015ftri \u00een cursul evului mediu. Dac\u0103 am fi fost ni\u015fte p\u0103stori \u201enomazi”, r\u0103t\u0103cind cu turmele prin toat\u0103 Peninsula Balcanic\u0103 \u015fi \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u00e2nd ttrziu agricultura de la slavi, a\u015fa cum vor s\u0103 ne prezinte unii istorici interesa\u0163i s\u0103 conteste <\/span>continuitatea \u00een Dacia Traian\u0103 \u015fi unii istorici neinforma\u0163i, o asemenea termi<\/span>nologie agricol\u0103, viticol\u0103, pomicol\u0103, nu <\/span>s-ar putea explica. Ea este dimpotriv\u0103 <\/span>foarte natural\u0103 dac\u0103 admitem c\u0103 daco-romanii \u015fi-au v\u0103zut \u00eenainte de agricul<\/span>tur\u0103 sub toate formele, pl\u0103tind \u00eens\u0103 <\/span>dijma (cuv\u00e2ntul e slav ) noilor st\u0103p\u00eenl <\/span>ai \u0163\u0103rii.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Al\u0103turi de aceast\u0103 \u00eendeletnicire \u00eensemnat\u0103 care asigura p\u00e2inea cea de toate <\/span>zilele, ei au fost p\u0103stori \u015fi cresc\u0103tori de <\/span>vite. \u015ei \u00een acest domeniu avem un im<\/span>portant num\u0103r de cuvinte latine. Not\u0103m <\/span><\/span>astfel: oaie (ovem), miel (agnellus), ber<\/i><\/span>bece (vervex, vervecem), arete (arie-tem), capr\u0103 (capra), ied (haedus), bou (bos, bovis), vac\u0103 (vacca), vi\u0163el (vitel-lus), taur (taurus), cal (caballus), iap\u0103 (equa), arm\u0103sar (admissarius), porc <\/span>(porcus), scroaf\u00e2 (scrofa). <\/span><\/span><\/i>In leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu <\/span>cre\u015fterea vltelor, sunt termenii turm\u0103 <\/i><\/span>(turma), p\u0103curar (pecorarius).. p\u0103stor <\/span><\/i>(pastor), staul (stabulum), p\u0103\u015fune (pastionem), iarb\u0103 (herba) <\/span><\/i>\u015fi f\u00een (fenum). <\/i>Din laptele (lac, lactem) muls (mulgere), <\/i><\/span>strecurat (stercorare) <\/i>\u015fi fiert (fervere)<\/i>se preg\u0103te\u015fte, cu ajutorul chiagului (coag[u]lum), ca\u015ful (caseum). Unt (unc<\/span>tum), corastr\u0103 <\/i>sau colastr\u0103 (colastra, <\/i>din colastrum), jrupt (fructus) <\/i>sunt iar\u0103\u015fi termeni latini.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u015ei \u00een apicultur\u0103, termenii fundamentali au aceea\u015fi origine : albin\u0103 (albina), <\/i><\/span>miere (mele,<\/span><\/i>din mel), cear\u0103 (cera), a-<\/i><\/span>gure (favulus <\/i>din favus) <\/i>\u015fi p\u0103stur\u0103 (pastura).<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
In domeniul milltar, am p\u0103strat cuvintele oaste, <\/i>al c\u0103rui etimon hostis <\/i>a \u00eensemnat la \u00eenceput du\u015fman, str\u0103in, adversar, apoi cetate <\/i>din civitas<\/i>, spat\u0103 (spatha), arcul (arcus) <\/span><\/i>\u015fis\u0103geata (sagitta), ju\u015fti (fustis),<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/span>un fel de suli\u0163\u0103 (de aici fusta\u015fii, din vechea armat\u0103 rom\u00e2n\u0103), coiful (cofea), ghioaga (clova, <\/span><\/i>din clava) <\/i>\u015fi m\u0103ciuca <\/i><\/span>(matteuca).<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00cen domeniul organiz\u0103rii sociale \u015fi a vie\u0163ii de stat, termenii de origin\u0103 latin\u0103 sunt mai pu\u0163in numero\u015fi. Avem, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, pe domn <\/i>din dominus, <\/i>dup\u0103 aceea jude \u015fi judec,<\/i>care au \u00een primele documente rom\u00e2ne\u015fiti \u00een\u0163elesul, cel dint\u00e2i, de st\u0103p\u00e2n al rum\u00e2nilor, cel de al doi-lea, de om liber \u015fi deriv\u0103 ambele din judex; <\/i>apoi rum\u00e2n <\/i>\u015fi vecin, <\/i>\u00eentrebuin-\u0163ate am\u00eendou\u0103 pentru a designa pe \u0163\u0103ranii neliberi. Rum\u00e2n, care e \u00een acela\u015fi timp \u015fi numele etoic al poporului nostru, deriv\u0103 de la romanus, <\/i>vecin din ve-cinus, vicinus,<\/i>adic\u0103 megia\u015f, vecin cu proprietatea. Cum a ajuns numele etnic s\u0103 capete accep\u0163iunea pe care o \u00eent\u00eelnim \u00een mii de documente interne rom\u00e2ne\u015fti este o problem\u0103 de cea mai mare \u00eensem-<\/span>n\u0103tate pentru istoria neamului nostru \u00een evul mediu timpuriu.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dacii alc\u0103tuiesc baza etnic\u0103 a poporului nostru. Aceast\u0103 credin\u0163\u0103 o \u00eentemeiem pe urm\u0103toarea argumentare: grosul popula\u0163iei din Dacia Traian\u0103 l-au format dacii. Cu toate pierderile suferite \u00een cele dou\u0103 r\u0103zboaie, cu tot num\u0103rul \u00eensemnat al coloni\u015ftilor de limb\u0103 latin\u0103, ei au p\u0103strat totu\u015fi preponderen\u0163a. Fiindc\u0103 dacii erau locuitorii satelor \u015fi, oric\u00e2t de numeroase au fost ora\u015fele din noua […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89639"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89639"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89639\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89639"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=89639"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=89639"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}