{"id":89137,"date":"2018-02-18T10:02:00","date_gmt":"2018-02-18T10:02:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-01-06T20:32:13","modified_gmt":"2023-01-06T20:32:13","slug":"statutul-teoretic-si-politic-al","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/2018\/02\/18\/statutul-teoretic-si-politic-al\/","title":{"rendered":"Statutul teoretic \u015fi politic al individului ca actor interna\u0163ional."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><h3 class=\"post-title entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; position: relative;\"><\/h3>\n<div class=\"post-body entry-content\" id=\"post-body-2266275703322724486\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.7; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; width: 615px;\">\n<div style=\"color: black; text-align: justify;\">Un actor interna\u0163ional este orice structur\u0103 social\u0103, capabil\u0103 de a ac\u0163iona \u015fi a influen\u0163a SI sau mondial. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 actorul statal \u015fi, ONG-urile \u015fi OIG-urile ca actori non-statali, un rol aparte pe scena interna\u0163ional\u0103 \u00eel ocup\u0103 individul. Individul ca actor interna\u0163ional are deseori rol de mediator, dar evident nu to\u0163i indivizii pot de\u0163ine calitate de actor al rela\u0163iilor interna\u0163ionale. Cel mai elocvent exemplu de individ \u2013 actor interna\u0163ional este Secretarul General al ONU. Calitatea sa de reprezentant al unei organiza\u0163ii universale \u00eei confer\u0103 legalitatea \u015fi legitimitatea de a interveni \u00eentr-un conflict sau \u00eentr-o disput\u0103 interna\u0163ional\u0103 cu rol de mediator care \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 ofere solu\u0163ii sau s\u0103 conving\u0103 p\u0103r\u0163ile aflate \u00een conflict s\u0103 se a\u015feze la masa negocierilor. Mai mult chiar, Secretarul General al ONU, ca actor interna\u0163ional chiar are obliga\u0163ia \u015fi responsabilitatea de a-\u015fi oferi bunele oficii pentru medierea diferendelor, iar opinia \u015fi recomand\u0103rile acestuia urmeaz\u0103 a fi luate \u00een calcul din perspectiva lui de reprezentant al ONU. Un actor al rela\u0163iilor interna\u0163ionale<a href=\"http:\/\/optdolari.blogspot.ca\/2011\/03\/statutul-teoretic-si-politic-al.html\" name=\"more\" style=\"color: #ee5307; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;\"><\/a>&nbsp;poate deveni \u015fi un lider de opinie regional, care, prin activit\u0103\u0163ile sale devine cunoscut \u00eentregii opinii publice interna\u0163ionale \u015fi este legitimat cu puterea de mediere a unor conflicte sau de schimbarea cursului unor evenimente. Exemplific\u00e2nd, trebuie s\u0103 men\u0163ion\u0103m aici pe Ghandi, devenit lider de opinie regional \u015fi chiar interna\u0163ional datorit\u0103 promov\u0103rii intense a valorilor \u015fi ideilor sale, adoptate majoritatea popula\u0163iei din regiune. Maica Teresa poate fi, de asemenea, considerat\u0103 ca actor al rela\u0163iilor interna\u0163ionale. Spre deosebide de Secretarul General al ONU sau de Ghandi, Maica Teresa nu are interferen\u0163\u0103 politic\u0103, statutul ei de actor interna\u0163ional deriv\u00e2nd exclusiv din activitatea umanitar\u0103 fa\u0163\u0103 de care opinia public\u0103 interna\u0163ional\u0103 are un mare ata\u015fament.&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">Prob<\/span>lema calit\u0103\u0163<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">ii de&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">su<\/span>biect de drep<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">t interna<\/span>\u0163i<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">onal a i<\/span>ndividului este o problem\u0103 destul de disp<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">utat\u0103 \u00een doctrina clasic\u0103,<\/span>&nbsp;ea constituind obiect<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">ul<\/span><span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">nume<\/span>roase controverse \u00eentre a<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">utorii c<\/span>are recu<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">nosc in<\/span>dividului o asemenea&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">calit<\/span>ate \u015fi cei care \u00eei refuz\u0103 orice loc \u00een&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">ordinea juridi<\/span>c<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">\u0103 interna\u0163ional\u0103.<\/span>&nbsp;O defini\u0163ie foart<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">e cu<\/span>prinz\u0103toare define\u015fte drept actor al rela\u0163iilor interna\u0163ionale \u201eorice entitate organizat\u0103 compus\u0103 cel pu\u0163in indirect din fiin\u0163e umane, care nu este subordonat\u0103 vreunui alt actor din sistemul mondial \u015fi care&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">particip\u0103 la rela\u0163ii de p<\/span>utere cu al\u0163i actori&#8221;, defini\u0163ie ce ar trata inclusiv indivizii ca&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">actori ai re<\/span>la\u0163iilor interna\u0163ionale. Defini\u0163ia \u00eens\u0103 poate fi contrapus\u0103 perspectivelor realiste asupra pro<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">blemei, care ex<\/span>tinde calitatea de actor \u015fi spre alte entit\u0103\u0163i dec\u00eet statele na\u0163iune, \u00eens\u0103 pentru reali\u015ftii clasici, calitatea de actor etatic depinde de trei&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">criterii:<\/span>&nbsp;suveranitate, recunoa\u015fterea \u015fi controlul asura teritoriului \u015fi popula\u0163iei, statel<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">e preval\u00e2<\/span>nd&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">\u00eentotdeauna \u00een confrunt\u0103rile<\/span>&nbsp;cu act<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">orii nest<\/span>atali deoarece pot influen\u0163a \u00een mod ese<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">n\u0163ial termenii in<\/span>te<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">rac\u0163iunilor \u00een<\/span>&nbsp;rela\u0163iile interna\u0163ionale.&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">Dac\u0103<\/span>&nbsp;la \u00ee<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">nceputuri statul<\/span>&nbsp;s-a pretins ca unica legimitate (c\u0103ci antichitatea a echiv<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">alat no\u0163iu<\/span>nea de fiin\u0163\u0103&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">uman\u0103<\/span>&nbsp;cu cea de cet\u0103\u0163ean, interesul cet\u0103\u0163ii&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">fiind<\/span>&nbsp;cel&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">care prima \u00een<\/span>\u0430\u0441este\u0430), \u043edat\u0103 \u0441u apari\u0163ia dre<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">ptului nat<\/span>ural &#8211; prin cre\u015ftinism, \u015fi a trezirii con\u015ftiin\u0163elor individuale &#8211; prin Reform\u0103, bala<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">n\u0163a<\/span>&nbsp;a&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">\u00eenceput s\u0103 \u00eencline \u00een fav<\/span>oarea individului. Proclamarea \u00een 1776, la Philadelphia, a drepturilor naturale ale omului la via\u0163\u0103, libertate \u015fi fericire, a dat un nou curs acestor teorii. T<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">eoreticieni renumi\u0163i<\/span>&nbsp;ca&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">Georges<\/span>&nbsp;Scelle, Nicolas Poti\u015f si Leon Duguit au afirmat c\u0103 numa<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">i indivizii pot fi subiecte<\/span>&nbsp;de drept, sus\u0163in\u00eend c\u0103 regula de drept &#8220;nu se poale adresa dec\u00e2t unei inteligen\u0163e capabile de a o \u00een\u0163elege \u015fi a i se conforma&#8221;. Majoritatea autorilor din perioada interbelic\u0103, resping aceast\u0103 teorie, \u00eens\u0103 ea cap\u0103t\u0103 tot mai mult adep\u0163i \u00een literatura european\u0103 de dup\u0103 cel de-al doilea r\u0103zboi mondial. Teorii<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">le solidariste<\/span>&nbsp;ale lui Georges Scelle apreciaz\u0103 c\u0103 statul, ca persoan\u0103&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">este o fic\u0163iune,<\/span>&nbsp;singura realitate fiind persoana fizic\u0103 luat\u0103 individual \u015fi rela\u0163iile interindividuale bazate pe a\u015fa&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">zisa &#8220;so<\/span>lidaritate social\u0103&#8221;, astfel \u00eenc\u00eet rela\u0163iile&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">interna\u0163ionale devin<\/span>&nbsp;rela\u0163ii di<span style=\"text-decoration-line: underline;\">ntre<\/span>&nbsp;indivizi \u015fi grupuri de indivizi. a raportul dintre<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un actor interna\u0163ional este orice structur\u0103 social\u0103, capabil\u0103 de a ac\u0163iona \u015fi a influen\u0163a SI sau mondial. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 actorul statal \u015fi, ONG-urile \u015fi OIG-urile ca actori non-statali, un rol aparte pe scena interna\u0163ional\u0103 \u00eel ocup\u0103 individul. Individul ca actor interna\u0163ional are deseori rol de mediator, dar evident nu to\u0163i indivizii pot de\u0163ine calitate de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89137"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89137"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89137\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89137"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=89137"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=89137"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}