{"id":89084,"date":"2018-02-18T10:41:00","date_gmt":"2018-02-18T10:41:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-01-06T20:31:52","modified_gmt":"2023-01-06T20:31:52","slug":"unificarea-germaniei-si-adoptarea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/2018\/02\/18\/unificarea-germaniei-si-adoptarea\/","title":{"rendered":"Unificarea Germaniei \u015fi adoptarea Constitu\u0163iei."},"content":{"rendered":"
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Puncte-cheie: 1864, 1866, 1870-71. Otto von Bismark a venit la putere (1862) cu ideea de a consolida statele germane \u00eentr-o uniune \u00een jurul Prusiei. Iar \u00een planurile sale intra, ini\u0163ial, anexarea ducatelor Schleswig \u015fi Holstein, apar\u0163in\u00e2nd, la acel moment, DEN. Momentul potrivit pt aceasta a ap\u0103rut dup\u0103 ce \u00een 1863 noul rege danez promoveaz\u0103 o constitu\u0163ie unitar\u0103 ce acoperea \u015fi aceste ducate, lucru c a provocat nemul\u0163umirea societ\u0103\u0163ii germane. Asigur\u00e2ndu-se din timp d neutralitatea RU, a FR (care era implicat\u0103 \u00eentr-o aventur\u0103 \u00een Mexic), fiind sigur c\u0103 M.BRIT nu va face nimic f\u0103r\u0103 sus\u0163inerea unei puteri d p continent, Bismark a atacat, la 1.II.1864, DEN. A-Ung a ac\u0163ionat \u00een unison. Militarismul prusac \u015fi-a demonstrat efectivitatea \u015fi DEN a fost \u00eenvins\u0103 rapid, dar apoi Bismark <\/a>caut\u0103 un casus belli fostului s\u0103u aliat temporar \u015fi concurent permanent \u00een treburile germane \u2013 AUSTR. Preg\u0103tirile d r\u0103zboi mergeau intens, iar Bismark preg\u0103tea situa\u0163ia dpdv diplomatic. Multe depindeau d situa\u0163ia interna\u0163ional\u0103. Cel m\/dificil era s\u0103 s asigure de neutralitatea FR. Pt aceasta Cancelarul, ca \u015fi \u00een alte cazuri, nu s-a scumpit la promisiuni: a oferit lui Napoleon III p\u0103r\u0163i din Bavaria Renan\u0103 \u015fi Hessen. Neutralitatea RU era garantat\u0103 \u015fi f\u0103r\u0103 compensa\u0163ii. Marele Stat Major a preg\u0103tit o lovitur\u0103 puternic\u0103 \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 direc\u0163ie \u2013\u00eempotriva AUSTR, \u015fi atunci c\u00e2nd s-a declarat r\u0103zboiul (1866) \u015fi s-a lovit \u2013 efectul a fost puternic \u2013 armata austriac\u0103 a fost \u00eenfr\u00e2nt\u0103 la Sadova. Moltke \u015fi generalii s\u0103i erau gata a merge spre Viena, dar Bismark i-a oprit, din considerente strategice. \u00cenfr\u00e2ngerea AUSTR=lichidarea preten\u0163iilor sale la hegemonie \u00eentre statele germane. \u00cencheind pacea cu AUSTR, Prusia a trecut la Actul 3 al unific\u0103rii GER, f\u0103r\u0103 a pierde mult timp. Practic, ultima etap\u0103 consta din a al\u0103tura Uniunii Nord-Germane 4 state din Sud, r\u0103mase independente \u2013 Bavaria, W\u00fcrtenberg, Baden \u015fi Hessen. FR nu putea s\u0103 admit\u0103 posibilitatea ca la grani\u0163ele sale estice s\u0103 apar\u0103 o GER unit\u0103 \u015fi puternic\u0103. \u00cen plus, Napoleon III nu primise recompensa promis\u0103 d l r\u0103zboiul austro-german. Bismark a \u00eenceput a s \u00eengrijora c\u0103 situa\u0163ia interna\u0163ional\u0103 ar putea favoriza crearea unei alian\u0163e \u00eentre AUSTR p care numai c o b\u0103tuse \u015fi FR p care s preg\u0103tea s-o bat\u0103. Dar guvernul d l Viena a promis FR neutralitatea sa \u00een conflict. Bismark era mul\u0163umit \u2013 acum s-a concentrat p asigurarea bun\u0103voin\u0163ei RU, M.BRIT \u015fi IT, \u015fi pt a compromite FR \u00een ochii acestora. Moltke preg\u0103tea r\u0103zboiul cu FR de mult timp, dpdv strategic, iar Bismark a asigurat condi\u0163iile diplomatice necesare acestuia. Moltke protesta \u00eempotriva acestei \u201epierderi d timp\u201d, \u00een condi\u0163iile \u00een care planul agresiunii exista deja \u00een 1867, dar Bismark totu\u015fi a asigurat atacul p un singur front \u2013 asigur\u00e2ndu-se d neutralitatea statelor europene. \u00cen vara lui 1870 preg\u0103tirile Prusiei erau complete. Casus belli a fost ales ne\u00een\u0163elegerea cu FR asupra alegerii prin\u0163ului Leopold de Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen ca rege al Spaniei. FR a protestat vehement: 2 vecini Hohenzollern! \u00cen timpul negocierilor franco-prusace la nivel \u00eenalt – f\u0103r\u0103 participarea lui Bism \u2013 acesta a interpelat una dintre depe\u015fele oficiale \u015fi i-a modificat textul, provoc\u00e2nd astfel, declara\u0163ia d r\u0103zboi a lui Napoleon III. Planul prusac consta dintr-o victorie rapid\u0103 printr-un atac-fulger, at\u00e2t pt a nu-\u015fi l\u0103sa descoperite hotarele E \u015fi S, c\u00e2t \u015fi pt a produce o impresie izbitoare celorlalte MPs \u015fi a preveni mi\u015fc\u0103rile din partea lor. \u00cenfr\u00e2ngerea armatei regulate franceze nu a \u00eensemnat \u015fi finalul r\u0103zboiului, for\u0163ele de gheril\u0103 franceze \u2013 frantinerii \u2013 au opus o rezisten\u0163\u0103 puternic\u0103, d\u00e2nd complica\u0163ii comandamentului ordonat al prusacilor. Dup\u0103 c armata prusac\u0103 a distrus principalele for\u0163e ale FR, la 18.I.1871, la Versailles, \u00een sala d ceremonii a lui Ludovic XIV, regele Prusiei a fost intitulat \u00eemp\u0103rat al GER. La ceremonie au participat doar cnezii germani \u015fi generalii armatei. Astfel, pe teritoriul FR, \u00een ochii inamicului \u00eenfr\u00e2nt, a fost \u00eencheiat\u0103 formarea celui de-al 2a reich german, triumful militarismului prusaco-german. Nu \u00een zadar, m\/t\u00e2rziu, aceast\u0103 unificare a fost catalogat\u0103 drept \u201e\u00eenf\u0103ptuit\u0103 prin foc \u015fi s\u00e2nge\u201d.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Puncte-cheie: 1864, 1866, 1870-71. Otto von Bismark a venit la putere (1862) cu ideea de a consolida statele germane \u00eentr-o uniune \u00een jurul Prusiei. Iar \u00een planurile sale intra, ini\u0163ial, anexarea ducatelor Schleswig \u015fi Holstein, apar\u0163in\u00e2nd, la acel moment, DEN. Momentul potrivit pt aceasta a ap\u0103rut dup\u0103 ce \u00een 1863 noul rege danez promoveaz\u0103 o […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89084"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89084"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89084\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89084"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=89084"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=89084"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}