{"id":88516,"date":"2018-02-21T18:32:00","date_gmt":"2018-02-21T18:32:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-01-06T20:28:25","modified_gmt":"2023-01-06T20:28:25","slug":"protectia-drepturilor-omului-in-cadrul","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/2018\/02\/21\/protectia-drepturilor-omului-in-cadrul\/","title":{"rendered":"Protec\u0163ia Drepturilor Omului \u00een Cadrul Dreptului Interna\u0163ional."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><h3 class=\"post-title entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; position: relative;\"><\/h3>\n<div class=\"post-body entry-content\" id=\"post-body-56029009229311041\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.7; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; width: 615px;\">\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">Dreptul interna\u0163ional contemporan stabile\u015fte \u00een sarcina statelor numeroase obliga\u0163ii cu privire la respectul drepturilor \u015fi libert\u0103\u0163ilor fundamentale ale omului. S-au cristalizat \u00een cadrul dreptului interna\u0163ional general o sum\u0103 de reguli cu caracter de jus cogens, care instituie \u00een esen\u0163\u0103 o obliga\u0163ie a statelor de a colabora pentru promovarea respectului drepturilor fundamentale ale omului, de a asigura dreptul popoarelor la autodeterminare, egalitatea \u00een drepturi a oamenilor \u015fi nediscriminarea \u015fi de a combate practicile contrare acestor obliga\u0163ii.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Comunitatea interna\u0163ional\u0103 este ast\u0103zi mai mult ca oric\u00e2nd preocupat\u0103 de promovarea c\u00e2t mai larg\u0103 a drepturilor omului, de crearea unui cadru legal c\u00e2t mai diversificat de colaborare interna\u0163ional\u0103 \u00een acest domeniu, de realizarea unui sistem c\u00e2t mai complet de ap\u0103rare pe diferite c\u0103i legale a drepturilor omului \u00een variate domenii \u015fi de asigurarea c\u00e2t mai deplin\u0103 a transpunerii \u00een practic\u0103 a acestora, inclusiv prin sanc\u0163ionarea \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103rilor aduse normelor de drept existente, indiferent ce forme ar lua ele. Exist\u0103 ast\u0103zi mai mult ca oric\u00e2nd convingerea, care tinde a se generaliza \u00een toate \u0163\u0103rile lumii, nu numai prin respectarea drepturilor fundamentale ale fiec\u0103rei persoane umane marile probleme ale contemporaneit\u0103\u0163ii \u2013 securitatea, dezvoltarea economic\u0103 \u015fi social\u0103, independen\u0163a na\u0163ional\u0103 etc. &#8211;&nbsp; \u00ee\u015fi pot g\u0103si o temeinic\u0103 \u015fi durabil\u0103 rezolvare.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Interesul comunit\u0103\u0163ii interna\u0163ionale fa\u0163\u0103 de problemele drepturilor omului este probat de proliferarea drepturilor recunoscute ale persoanei (peste 60), de num\u0103rul mare de instrumente juridice interna\u0163ionale care le consacr\u0103 (\u00een jur de 100), dar \u015fi de mecanismele juridice de protec\u0163ie \u015fi de organismele care vegheaz\u0103 la respectarea lor.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cea mai veche abordare, cu caracter de reglementare, a problemelor privind respectul persoanei umane \u015fi recunoa\u015fterea unor drepturi ale acesteia, este considerat\u0103 \u201e Magna Carta Libertatum\u201d ( Marea Cart\u0103 a Libert\u0103\u0163ii) din 1215, un document semnat de regele englez Ioan F\u0103r\u0103 de \u0162ar\u0103 sub presiunea nobilimii, \u00een cadrul c\u0103reia se consemna c\u0103 \u201e nici un om liber nu va fi arestat ori de\u0163inut sau deposedat de bunurile sale, sau declarat \u00een afara legii\u201d, exilat sau lezat \u00een orice mod, f\u0103r\u0103 o judecat\u0103 corespunz\u0103toare potrivit legilor \u0163\u0103rii.<a href=\"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/post-create.g?blogID=4202955034125599721\" name=\"more\" style=\"color: #ee5307; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Un alt act, ulterior provenind tot din Anglia \u015fi intitulat \u201eHabeas Corpus Act\u201d (1679), \u00eent\u0103rea protec\u0163ia juridic\u0103 a persoanelor contra abuzurilor nobililor, de aceast\u0103 dat\u0103 stabilind noi garan\u0163ii \u00een ap\u0103rarea libert\u0103tilor individuale a fiec\u0103rei persoane \u00een fa\u0163a justi\u0163iei.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u201eBilul drepturilor\u201d, adoptat \u00een 1689 ca urmare a revolu\u0163iei burgheze din Anglia, proclama, \u00eentre altele, abolirea puterii arbitrare a regelui asupra supu\u015filor s\u0103i, recunoa\u015fterea pentru \u00eentreaga popula\u0163ie a dreptului de a i se garanta libertatea \u015fi egalitatea \u00een fa\u0163a legilor \u015fi a justi\u0163iei \u015fi interzicerea oric\u0103rui tratament inuman.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u201eDeclara\u0163ia de independen\u0163\u0103\u201d a statelor americane (1776) afirma, \u00een alt context istoric, drepturile omului, consemn\u00e2nd c\u0103 \u201eTo\u0163i oamenii s-au n\u0103scut egali; ei au fost d\u0103rui\u0163i de Dumnezeu cu anumite drepturi inalienabile; printre aceste drepturi se situeaz\u0103 dreptul la via\u0163\u0103, la libertate \u015fi la c\u0103utarea fericirii\u201d. Principiile acesteia au fost apoi preluate \u00een 1781 \u00een \u201eBilul drepturilor\u201d, care este o parte component\u0103 a Constitu\u0163iei S.U.A. din 1787, \u00een vigoare \u015fi ast\u0103zi.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u201eDeclara\u0163ia drepturilor omului \u015fi ale cet\u0103\u0163eanului\u201d, adoptat\u0103 \u00een 1789, \u00een timpul Revolu\u0163iei franceze, \u00eencorona aceste tradi\u0163ii, ca \u015fi ideologia iluminist\u0103 ce a inspirat procesul revolu\u0163ionar, constituind o sintez\u0103 a celor mai avansate idei umaniste ale epocii.Ea consacra drepturile naturale \u015fi imprescriptibile ale omului: egalitatea \u00een fa\u0163a legii, garan\u0163ia \u00eempotriva&nbsp; oric\u0103ror arest\u0103ri abuzive, prezum\u0163ia de nevinov\u0103\u0163ie, libertatea de opinie, libertatea religioas\u0103, libertatea de exprimare, dreptul de proprietate, etc.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Principiile consacrate \u00een aceste documente au stat la baza tuturor constitu\u0163iilor statelor moderne, care cuprind \u00een mod obligatoriu \u015fi un capitol referitor la drepturile \u015fi libert\u0103\u0163ile cet\u0103\u0163ene\u015fti, \u015fi au servit drept principale surse de inspira\u0163ie \u00een elaborarea instrumentelor juridice interna\u0163ionale \u00een materie.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Colaborarea sistematic\u0103 dintre state pentru promovarea drepturilor omului \u00een ansamblul lor a ap\u0103rut dup\u0103 cel de-al doilea r\u0103zboi mondial, ca o consecin\u0163\u0103 a \u00eent\u0103ririi for\u0163elor \u00een lupta pentru democra\u0163ie \u015fi progres social \u015fi ca o reac\u0163ie \u00eempotriva \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103rii unor drepturi de c\u0103tre regimurile de tip fascist care au dezl\u0103n\u0163uit r\u0103zboiul.S-a constatat cu acest prilej c\u0103 nesocotirea flagrant\u0103 a drepturilor omului pune \u00een primejdie pacea \u015fi securitatea lumii \u00eentregi \u015fi impune organizarea unei colabor\u0103ri interna\u0163ionale \u00een vederea protec\u0163iei drepturilor omului.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Carta O.N.U. cuprinde o palet\u0103 destul de larg\u0103 de prevederi referitoare la drepturile omului.Astfel, \u00een Preambul se consemneaz\u0103 \u201ecredin\u0163a \u00een drepturile fundamentale ale omului, \u00een demnitatea \u015fi valoarea persoanei umane, \u00een egalitatea \u00een drepturi a b\u0103rba\u0163ilor \u015fi femeilor, precum \u015fi a na\u0163iunilor mari \u015fi mici&#8230;\u201d, iar printre scopurile organiza\u0163iei (art. 1, paragraful 3) figureaz\u0103&nbsp; \u015fi realizarea cooper\u0103rii interna\u0163ionale pentru\u201d dezvoltarea \u015fi \u00eencurajarea respect\u0103rii drepturilor omului \u015fi a libert\u0103\u0163ilor fundamentale pentru to\u0163i, f\u0103r\u0103 deosebire de ras\u0103, limb\u0103 sau religie\u201d.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Potrivit Cartei O.N.U., colaborarea interna\u0163ional\u0103 pentru protec\u0163ia drepturilor omului trebuie s\u0103 se fac\u0103 dup\u0103 urm\u0103toarele principii:<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a) drepturile \u015fi libert\u0103\u0163ile fundamentale ale omului sunt o institu\u0163ie de drept intern a fiec\u0103rui stat;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b) statele trebuie s\u0103 colaboreze \u00eentre ele pentru promovarea respect\u0103rii universale \u015fi efective a drepturilor \u015fi libert\u0103\u0163ilor fundamentale \u015fi s\u0103-\u015fi asume obliga\u0163ii privind recunoa\u015fterea prin legisla\u0163ia lor a acestor drepturi;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c) \u00een cazul \u00een care prin nerespectarea sistematic\u0103 a drepturilor omului se creaz\u0103 o primejdie pentru pacea \u015fi securitatea interna\u0163ional\u0103, O.N.U.este \u00eendrept\u0103\u0163it\u0103 s\u0103 ia m\u0103surile corespunz\u0103toare prev\u0103zute de art. 41 \u015fi art. 47 al Cartei.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Carta O.N.U. nu are, \u00eens\u0103, \u00een cuprinsul s\u0103u vreun text \u00een care s\u0103 defineasc\u0103 conceptul de drepturi ale omului sau s\u0103 se fac\u0103 o enumerare&nbsp; a drepturilor fundamentale ale persoanei umane.Pentru a se acoperi aceast\u0103 lacun\u0103, \u00een 1945 a fost creat\u0103 o Comisie a Na\u0163iunilor Unite pentru drepturile omului, cu sarcina de a alc\u0103tui un proiect de cart\u0103 \u00een acest domeniu, ca un ideal de atins pentru toate popoarele \u015fi na\u0163iunile.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Rezultatul lucr\u0103rilor s-a concretizat \u00een Declara\u0163ia Universal\u0103 a Drepturilor Omului, adoptat\u0103 de Adunarea General\u0103 la 10 decembrie 1948.&nbsp; Ulterior, alte dou\u0103 documente, adoptate \u00een 1966, au dezvoltat \u015fi consolidat juridic prevederile Declara\u0163iei: \u201ePactul interna\u0163ional referitor la drepturile civile \u015fi politice\u201d \u015fi \u201ePactul interna\u0163ional referitor la drepturile economice, sociale \u015fi culturale\u201d.A urmat un num\u0103r impresionant de reglement\u0103ri privind aspecte deosebit de variate din acest domeniu, at\u00e2t \u00een cadrul O.N.U., c\u00e2t \u015fi al institu\u0163iilor sale specializate ( O.I.M., O.M.S., U.N.E.S.C.O., F.A.O.etc.), din care \u00een continuare vom prezenta pe cele mai semnificative:<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -\u201eDeclara\u0163ia Na\u0163iunilor Unite cu privire la eliminarea oric\u0103ror forme de discriminare rasial\u0103\u201d, adoptat\u0103 de Adunarea General\u0103 a O.N.U. \u00een 1963, \u00een cuprinsul c\u0103reia se subliniaz\u0103 c\u0103 discriminarea rasial\u0103 constituie o \u00eenc\u0103lcare a drepturilor omului care amenin\u0163\u0103 pacea \u015fi securitatea interna\u0163ional\u0103, iar discriminarea pe motiv de ras\u0103, culoare sau origine etnic\u0103 este calificat\u0103 ca o ofens\u0103 a demnit\u0103\u0163ii umane, o negare a principiilor Cartei O.N.U., o cauz\u0103 de tulburare a p\u0103cii \u015fi securit\u0103\u0163ii interna\u0163ionale;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -\u201e Conven\u0163ia privitoare la drepturile politice ale femeilor\u201d (1952), \u00een care se proclam\u0103 egalitatea \u00een drepturi a femeilor cu b\u0103rba\u0163ii, de a alege \u015fi de a fi alese \u00een orice institu\u0163ii na\u0163ionale constituite \u015fi de a \u00eendeplini orice func\u0163ii de stat sau sociale, urmat\u0103 ulterior de \u201eConven\u0163ia privind eliminarea tuturor formelor de discriminare fa\u0163\u0103 de femei\u201d (1979), o adev\u0103rat\u0103 sintez\u0103, o cart\u0103 a drepturilor femeilor \u00een domeniile politic, cet\u0103\u0163enie, c\u0103s\u0103torie \u015fi familie, educa\u0163ie, preg\u0103tire profesional\u0103, munc\u0103, s\u0103n\u0103tate \u015fi celelalte;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -\u201eDeclara\u0163ia drepturilor copilului\u201d (1959) con\u0163ine principiile a c\u0103ror aplicare asigur\u0103 protec\u0163ia \u015fi dezvoltarea multilateral\u0103 a copilului care trebuie s\u0103 se bucure de o protec\u0163ie special\u0103 acordat\u0103 de lege \u015fi realizat\u0103 de c\u0103tre societate: dreptul la nume \u015fi la na\u0163ionalitate, dreptul la asisten\u0163\u0103 social\u0103, la alimenta\u0163ie, locuin\u0163\u0103, timp liber \u015fi \u00eengrijiri medicale corespunz\u0103toare, de a fi \u00eenconjurat de \u00een\u0163elegere \u015fi de dragoste, de a cre\u015fte pe c\u00e2t cu putin\u0163\u0103 sub supravegherea \u015fi r\u0103spunderea p\u0103rin\u0163ilor s\u0103i \u015fi, \u00een orice caz, \u00eentr-o atmosfer\u0103 de afec\u0163iune \u015fi de securitate moral\u0103 \u015fi material\u0103, de a nu fi desp\u0103r\u0163it de mama sa, de a primi o educa\u0163ie obligatorie \u015fi gratuit\u0103, de a fi ap\u0103rat de orice form\u0103 de neglijen\u0163e, cruzimi \u015fi exploatare, de a nu obligat s\u0103 munceasc\u0103 \u00eenainte de a fi atins v\u00e2rsta corespunz\u0103toare \u015fi de a primi \u00eengrijiri speciale \u00een caz de handicap fizic, mintal sau social.Statele \u015fi-au&nbsp; asumat obliga\u0163ii juridice concrete pentru transpunerea \u00een practic\u0103 \u015fi garantarea acestor drepturi printr-o \u201e Conven\u0163ie cu privire la drepturile copilului\u201d, \u00eencheiat\u0103 \u00een 1989;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -\u201eDeclara\u0163ia privind drepturile persoanelor arierate mintal\u201d (1971), care cuprinde \u00een esen\u0163\u0103 dreptul de a fi ocrotite \u015fi dreptul la asisten\u0163\u0103 medical\u0103;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -\u201eDeclara\u0163ia privind drepturile persoanelor invalide\u201d (1975), care asigur\u0103 acestei categorii de persoane defavorizate respectul demnit\u0103\u0163ii lor, drepturi civile egale, dreptul la tratament medical, dreptul de a fi ocrotite contra exploat\u0103rii etc;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -\u201eReguli minime standard pentru tratamentul de\u0163inu\u0163ilor\u201d(1955) aprobate de E.C.O.S.O.C., referitoare la : \u00eenl\u0103turarea discrimin\u0103rilor \u00een executarea pedepselor, necesitatea separ\u0103rii de\u0163inu\u0163ilor dup\u0103 sex, v\u00e2rst\u0103, cazier sau natura condamn\u0103rii, condi\u0163iile de via\u0163\u0103 \u015fi sanitare ale condamna\u0163ilor, excluderea din sistemul&nbsp; sanc\u0163iunilor disciplinare a camerei obscure, a pedepselor corporale \u015fi a oric\u0103ror pedepse cu cruzime, inumane sau degradante;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -\u201eDeclara\u0163ia privind protec\u0163ia tuturor persoanelor \u00eempotriva torturii&nbsp; \u015fi altor tratamente sau pedepse crude, inumane sau degradante\u201d (1975), care cere statelor s\u0103 nu permit\u0103 asemenea acte, s\u0103 le incrimineze \u015fi s\u0103 ia m\u0103suri pentru \u00eempiedicare lor;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -\u201eCodul de conduit\u0103 pentru responsabilii cu aplicarea legilor\u201d, adoptat printr-o rezolu\u0163ie a Adun\u0103rii Generale a O.N.U. din 1979, potrivit c\u0103ruia func\u0163ionarii poli\u0163iene\u015fti \u015fi to\u0163i cei care exercit\u0103 atribu\u0163ii legate de arestarea sau deten\u0163ia unei persoane trebuie s\u0103 ac\u0163ioneze \u00een cadru legal strict, s\u0103 ocroteasc\u0103 toate persoanele \u00eempotriva unor arest\u0103ri ilegale, s\u0103 nu recurg\u0103 dec\u00e2t \u00een mod excep\u0163ional la for\u0163\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 nu recurg\u0103 la cruzimi, la acte de tortur\u0103 sau pedepse inumane, \u00een cazul nerespect\u0103rii normelor de conduit\u0103 neput\u00e2nd invoca nici ordinul superiorului, nici \u00eemprejur\u0103ri excep\u0163ionale.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O activitate sus\u0163inut\u0103 de colaborare interna\u0163ional\u0103 \u00een privin\u0163a drepturilor omului se desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 \u015fi \u00een cadrul unor organiza\u0163ii regionale, cum sunt Consiliul Europei, Organiza\u0163ia Statelor Americane, Liga Statelor Arabe \u015fi Organiza\u0163ia Unit\u0103\u0163ii Africane..<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Problema drepturilor omului constituie o preocupare \u015fi \u00een cadrul Organiza\u0163iei pentru Securitate \u015fi Cooperare \u00een Europa, sub forma \u201e dimensiunii umane\u201d a acesteia. \u00cen totalitatea lor, documentele adoptate \u00een diferite faze ale Conferin\u0163ei europene pentru securitate \u015fi cooperare cuprind capitole separate sau sunt \u00een \u00eentregime consacrate problemelor drepturilor omului \u00een acest cadru regional.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00cen mod deosebit, problema a fost abordat\u0103 \u00een \u201eActul final\u201d semnat la Helsinki \u00een 1975 \u015fi \u00een \u201eDocumentul final al reuniunii general-europene\u201d, semnat la Viena \u00een 1989 , \u00een care se afirm\u0103 angajamentul statelor participante de a respecta drepturile omului \u00een statele lor \u015fi de a-\u015fi \u00eendeplini obliga\u0163iile asumate prin alte documente politice \u015fi juridice interna\u0163ionale, detaliindu-se asemenea obliga\u0163ii \u00een raport de anumite drepturi ale omului, \u00een special referitoare la culte, minorit\u0103\u0163i, libertatea de a p\u0103r\u0103si orice \u0163ar\u0103, inclusiv cea proprie, \u015fi garan\u0163iile \u00eempotriva arest\u0103rilor arbitrare \u015fi se stabile\u015fte un sistem de schimburi de informa\u0163ii \u015fi de discu\u0163ii asupra situa\u0163iilor de \u00eenc\u0103lcare a drepturilor omului \u00een cadrul statelor participante.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Pentru reafirmarea \u015fi dezvoltarea anumitor drepturi ale omului, a fost convocat\u0103 o Conferin\u0163\u0103 european\u0103 special\u0103 privind dimensiunea uman\u0103 a securit\u0103\u0163ii \u015fi cooper\u0103rii, care s-a \u00eentrunit \u00een 3 sesiuni \u00een anii 1989, 1990 \u015fi 1991, ultimele dou\u0103, \u0163inute la Copenhaga, respectiv la Moscova, finaliz\u00e2ndu-se cu documente importante \u00een domeniul drepturile omului, referitoare \u00een special la m\u0103surile de luat pentru garantarea unor drepturi specifice importante pentru principiile democra\u0163iei \u015fi ale statului de drept.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00cen \u201eCarta de la Paris pentru o nou\u0103 Europ\u0103, o nou\u0103 er\u0103 de democra\u0163ie, pace \u015fi unitate\u201d, semnat\u0103 de \u015fefii de state \u015fi de guverne \u00een noiembrie 1990, problemelor drepturilor omului li se acord\u0103 de asemenea o importan\u0163\u0103 aparte.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00cen cadrul Uniunii Europene drepturile omului nu au constituit la \u00eenceputul form\u0103rii sale un&nbsp; obiect de preocupare.\u00cen cuprinsul Tratatului de la Maastricht din 1992 asupra Uniunii Europene art. F, par. 2) se includeau, \u00eens\u0103, unele prevederi \u00een sensul c\u0103 Uniunea, \u00een noua sa formul\u0103 de organizare, respect\u0103 drepturile omului, astfel cum acestea sunt garantate de Conven\u0163ia european\u0103 pentru protec\u0163ia drepturilor omului \u015fi a libert\u0103\u0163ilor fundamentale, din 1950, \u015fi cum asemenea drepturi rezult\u0103 din tradi\u0163iile institu\u0163ionale comune statelor membre, ca principii generale ale dreptului comunitar.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ulterior, aceste prevederi au fost \u00eent\u0103rite prin Tratatul de la Amsterdam din 1996, care revizuia tratatele anterioare, \u00een sensul c\u0103 la baza Uniunii, \u00eentre alte principii, este pus \u015fi principiul respect\u0103rii drepturile omului \u015fi a libert\u0103\u0163ilor fundamentale, iar respectarea acestui principiu a devenit una din condi\u0163iile de aderare la Uniune.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Pentru Rom\u00e2nia, care dup\u0103 Revolu\u0163ia din decembrie 1989 \u015fi-a manifestat op\u0163iunea ireversibil\u0103 pentru o societate democratic\u0103, fondat\u0103 pe un stat de drept, protec\u0163ia \u015fi garantarea drepturilor omului constituie unul din pilonii de baz\u0103 ai noului regim.O dovad\u0103 o reprezint\u0103 \u015fi Constitu\u0163ia \u0163\u0103rii, aprobat\u0103 prin referendumul din 8 decembrie 1991, \u00een care se consemneaz\u0103 \u015fi se ocrotesc sau se garanteaz\u0103 toate drepturile considerate ast\u0103zi ca fundamentale pentru persoana uman\u0103.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"line-height: 19.5px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Constitu\u0163ia Rom\u00e2niei cuprinde \u00een acela\u015fi timp \u015fi prevederea c\u0103 dispozi\u0163iile constitu\u0163ionale privind drepturile \u015fi libert\u0103\u0163ile cet\u0103\u0163enilor vor fi interpretate \u015fi aplicate \u00een concordan\u0163\u0103 cu \u201eDeclara\u0163ia universal\u0103 a drepturilor omului\u201d, cu pactele \u015fi celelalte tratate la care Rom\u00e2nia este parte, iar \u00een caz de necorcondan\u0163\u0103 au prioritate reglement\u0103rile interna\u0163ionale (art.20, alin.1 \u015fi 2).<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dreptul interna\u0163ional contemporan stabile\u015fte \u00een sarcina statelor numeroase obliga\u0163ii cu privire la respectul drepturilor \u015fi libert\u0103\u0163ilor fundamentale ale omului. S-au cristalizat \u00een cadrul dreptului interna\u0163ional general o sum\u0103 de reguli cu caracter de jus cogens, care instituie \u00een esen\u0163\u0103 o obliga\u0163ie a statelor de a colabora pentru promovarea respectului drepturilor fundamentale ale omului, de a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88516"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=88516"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88516\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=88516"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=88516"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=88516"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}