{"id":20192,"date":"2011-03-07T10:57:00","date_gmt":"2011-03-07T10:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/trainingsnews.com\/actul-juridic-civil-2"},"modified":"2011-03-07T10:57:00","modified_gmt":"2011-03-07T10:57:00","slug":"actul-juridic-civil-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/2011\/03\/07\/actul-juridic-civil-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Actul juridic civil"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>
No\u0163iunea actului juridic civil. <\/span><\/b>Terminologie.\u00cen sens larg, prin fapte juridice se \u00een\u0163eleg at\u00e2t ac\u0163iunile omene\u015fti s\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fite cu inten\u0163ia sau f\u0103r\u0103 inten\u0163ia de a produce efecte juridice, c\u00e2t \u015fi evenimentele, adic\u0103 faptele naturale.<\/span><\/div>\n
 \u00cen sens restr\u00e2ns, prin fapte juridice se \u00een\u0163eleg numai ac\u0163iunile omene\u015fti s\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fite f\u0103r\u0103 inten\u0163ia de a produce efecte juridice, dar care efecte se produc \u00een puterea legii, precum \u015fi evenimentele, care sunt \u00eemprejur\u0103ri care se produc independent de voin\u0163a omului dar de care legea civil\u0103 leag\u0103 anumite consecin\u0163e juridice.<\/span><\/div>\n
            Prin urmare, dac\u0103 la faptele juridice \u00een sens restr\u00e2ns se adaug\u0103 actele juridice, adic\u0103 acele ac\u0163iuni omene\u015fti s\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fite cu inten\u0163ia de a produce efecte juridice se ajunge la no\u0163iunea de fapte juridice \u00een sens larg.<\/span><\/div>\n
            Trebuie precizat c\u0103 \u00een literatura juridic\u0103 \u015fi \u00een practica judiciar\u0103 s-au cristalizat no\u0163iunile astfel: actele juridice sunt ac\u0163iunile omene\u015fti s\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fite cu inten\u0163ia de a produce efecte juridice, iar faptele sunt ac\u0163iunile omene\u015fti s\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fite f\u0103r\u0103 inten\u0163ia de a produce efecte juridice, care \u00eens\u0103 se produc \u00een temeiul legii, la care se adaug\u0103 \u015fi evenimentele (deci faptele juridice \u00een sens restr\u00e2ns).<\/span><\/div>\n
            Considerat \u00een sensul conceptului tradi\u0163ional, actul juridic civil a fost definit: <\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7        <\/span><\/span>\u201e…un act de voin\u0163\u0103 s\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fit cu scopul de a produce efecte juridice, adic\u0103 de a crea, modifica sau stinge un raport juridic\u201d1<\/sup><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7        <\/span><\/span>\u201e…un act de voin\u0163\u0103 s\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fit cu scopul de a produce efecte juridice, adic\u0103 de a crea, de a transmite, de a modifica sau de a stuinge un raport juridic\u201d2<\/sup><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7        <\/span><\/span>\u201e…actul de voin\u0163\u0103 s\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fit de subiectele de dreptuir pentru a crea, modifica sau stinge un raporturi juridice \u00een temeiul dreptului obiectiv \u015fi \u00een limitele pe care acestea le statornice\u015fte\u201d3<\/sup><\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
Pentru o defini\u0163ie corect\u0103 \u015fi complet\u0103 actului juridic civil, se impune luarea \u00een considerare a urm\u0103toarelor elemente:<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7        <\/span><\/span>actului juridic civil este o manifestare de voin\u0163\u0103, este, deci, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd rezultatul unei hot\u0103r\u00e2ri l\u0103untrice, rezultatul unui proces volutiv<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7        <\/span><\/span>scopul exprtim\u0103rii manifest\u0103rii de voin\u0163\u0103 \u00een constituie producerea de efecte juridice civile; este elementul care diferen\u0163iaz\u0103 actului juridic civil de faptul juridic civil s\u0103v\u00e2\u015fit f\u0103r\u0103 inten\u0163ia de a produce asemenea efecte.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7        <\/span><\/span>efectele juridice avute \u00een vedere trebuie s\u0103 priveasc\u0103 na\u015fterea, modificarea sau stingerea unor raporturi juridice civile concrete, element care deosebe\u015fte actului juridic civil de actele juridice din celelalte ramuri ale dreptului.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
Clasificarea actelor juridice civile<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00cen circuitul civil se \u00eent\u00e2lnesc nenum\u0103rate \u015fi diverse acte juridice, de aceea este necesar ca ele s\u0103 fie clasificate dup\u0103 anumite criterii \u00een categorii de acte juridice, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere manifest\u0103rile de voin\u0163\u0103 cu aspecte \u00eenrudite. Principalele criterii de clasificare \u015fi categorii de acte juridice, care se examineaz\u0103 \u00een literatura de specialitate sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/span><\/div>\n
a)      <\/span><\/span>\u00een raport de num\u0103rul p\u0103r\u0163ilor<\/b> actele juridice se \u00eempart \u00een unilaterale<\/b>, bilaterale<\/b> \u015fi multilaterale<\/b> <\/span><\/div>\n
b)      <\/span><\/span>\u00een raport de scopul<\/b> urm\u0103rit de p\u0103r\u0163i<\/b> la \u00eencheierea lor<\/b>, actele juridice se divid \u00een acte cu titlu oneros<\/b> \u015fi acte cu titlu gratuit<\/b>. La r\u00e2ndul lor cele de tip cu titlu oneros se subdivid \u00een acte comutative <\/b>\u015fi aleatorii<\/b>, iar cele cu titlu gratuit se subdivid \u00een libert\u0103\u0163i <\/b>\u015fi acte dezinteresate<\/b>;<\/span><\/div>\n
c)      <\/span><\/span>\u00een raport de efectele produse,<\/b> se disting: acte constitutive, translative <\/b>\u015fi declarative<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
d)      <\/span><\/span>\u00een raport de importan\u0163a <\/b>lor <\/b>fa\u0163\u0103 de un bun sau un patrimoniu, actele juridice se \u00eempart \u00een acte de conservare, de administrare, de dispozi\u0163ie<\/b>;<\/span><\/div>\n
e)      <\/span><\/span>\u00een raport de con\u0163inutul<\/b> lor actele juridice se divid \u00een: patrimoniale <\/b>\u015fi nepartimoniale<\/b>.<\/span><\/div>\n
f)        <\/span><\/span>\u00een raport de modul de \u00eencheiere<\/b> se deosebesc acte consensulae, solemne, reale<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
g)      <\/span><\/span>\u00een raport de momentul c\u00e2nd \u00ee\u0163i produc efectele<\/b>, se disting acte \u00eentre vii (inter vivos)<\/b> \u015fi acte pentru cauze de moarte (mortis causa)<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
h)      <\/span><\/span>\u00een raport de rolul voin\u0163ei p\u0103r\u0163ilor<\/b> \u00een stabilirea con\u0163inutului actelor juridice, se deosebesc acte subiective<\/b> \u015fi acte condi\u0163ie<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
i)        <\/span><\/span>\u00een raport de intensitatea \u015fi siguran\u0163a oferit\u0103 titularilor de drepturi<\/b>, se disting acte pure \u015fi simple <\/b>\u015fi acte afectate de modalit\u0103\u0163i<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
j)        <\/span><\/span>\u00een raport de leg\u0103tura dintre ele,<\/b> actele juridice se divid \u00een principalele <\/b>\u015fi accesorii<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
k)      <\/span><\/span>\u00een raport de leg\u0103tura lor cu cauza<\/b>, actele sunt cauzale <\/b>\u015fi abstracte<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
l)        <\/span><\/span>\u00een raport de modul cum pot fi \u00eencheiate<\/b> se deosebesc acte strict personale<\/b> \u015fi acte \u00eencheiate prin reprezentare<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
m)    <\/span><\/span>\u00een raport de reglementarea <\/b>lor, actele juridice se \u00eempart \u00een acte numite (tipice) <\/b>\u015fi nenumite (atipice)<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
n)      <\/span><\/span>\u00een raport de modul lor de executare<\/b> se disting: acte cu executare dintr-o dat\u0103<\/b> \u015fi acte cu executare succesiv\u0103<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
Consim\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
            Pentru actele juridicice civile, consim\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul este un element structural, fiind cel mai important dintre elementele de structur\u0103 ale acestei categorii juridice pentru c\u0103:<\/span><\/div>\n
    \n
  • este nu numai un element de structur\u0103 ci \u015fi un element definitoriu <\/b>al actelor juridice civile, caracter ce rezult\u0103 din urm\u0103toarele corel\u0103ri:<\/span><\/li>\n
      \n
    • prin defini\u0163ie, actul juridic civil este o manifestare de voin\u0163\u0103<\/b> intevenit\u0103 \u00een scopul de a produce efecte juridice; <\/span><\/li>\n
    • privit lato sensu<\/b>, consim\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul este acordul de voin\u0163\u0103 al p\u0103r\u0163ilor \u00een actele juridice bilaterale;<\/span><\/li>\n
    • privid stricto sensu<\/b> consim\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul este manifestarea voin\u0163ei de c\u0103tre una din p\u0103r\u0163i la \u00eencheierea unui act juridic civil bilateral, ori, \u00een actele juridice unilaterale, manifestarea de voin\u0163\u0103 de c\u0103tre autorul acestuia.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    • pe de alt\u0103 parte, voin\u0163a \u00eenseamn\u0103, sub aspectul structurii actului juridic civil, mai mult dec\u00e2t consim\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul ca element de structur\u0103; ea se prelunge\u015fte peste limitele acestuia, contur\u00e2nd un alt element de structur\u0103: cauza;<\/span><\/li>\n
    • ne\u00e2ndoielnic, consim\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul este cel mai important element de structur\u0103 al actului juridic civil \u015fi prin aceea c\u0103, voin\u0163a, inclusiv cea incorporat\u0103 \u00een actele juridice, \u00een general \u015fi \u00een actele juridice civile, \u00een special, d\u0103 substan\u0163\u0103 esen\u0163ei dreptului \u00eensu\u015fi;<\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u00een sf\u00e2r\u015fit, ideea de consim\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt-consim\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul \u00eensu\u015fi atrag aten\u0163ia asupra leg\u0103turii juridice n\u0103scute \u00eentre p\u0103r\u0163ile unui raport juridic civil concret.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \u00cen doctrin\u0103, (prof. A.Iona\u015fcu, Drep Civil, Ed. Didactic\u0103 \u015fi pedagogic\u0103, 1963) s-a eviden\u0163iat c\u0103 \u00een procesul de formare a voin\u0163ei juridice se disting mai multe etape:<\/span><\/div>\n
      a)      <\/span><\/span>reflectarea nevoilor sau dorin\u0163elor \u00een con\u015ftiin\u0163\u0103<\/span><\/div>\n
      b)      <\/span><\/span>apari\u0163ia motivelor care \u00eendeamn\u0103 la ac\u0163iune<\/span><\/div>\n
      c)      <\/span><\/span>deliberarea<\/span><\/div>\n
      d)      <\/span><\/span>interven\u0163ia motivului determinant,<\/b> care nu este altceva dec\u00e2t reprezentarea intelectual\u0103 a scopului urm\u0103rit<\/span><\/div>\n
      e)      <\/span><\/span>hot\u0103r\u00e2rea <\/span><\/b>de a \u00eencheia actul juridic necesar pentru realizarea scopului urm\u0103rit, cu alte cuvinte, formarea consim\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntului<\/span><\/div>\n
      Trebuie men\u0163ionat c\u0103 aceste etape de formare a voin\u0163ei juridice se petrec pe plan intern psihologic. Pentru ca faptul psihologic s\u0103 se transforme \u00een fapt juridic este necesar ca hot\u0103r\u00e2rea de a \u00eencheia actul juridic s\u0103 fie exteriorizat\u0103. <\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      No\u0163iunea actului juridic civil. Terminologie.\u00cen sens larg, prin fapte juridice se \u00een\u0163eleg at\u00e2t ac\u0163iunile omene\u015fti s\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fite cu inten\u0163ia sau f\u0103r\u0103 inten\u0163ia de a produce efecte juridice, c\u00e2t \u015fi evenimentele, adic\u0103 faptele naturale.  \u00cen sens restr\u00e2ns, prin fapte juridice se \u00een\u0163eleg numai ac\u0163iunile omene\u015fti s\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fite f\u0103r\u0103 inten\u0163ia de a produce efecte juridice, dar care efecte se […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[11],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20192"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20192"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20192\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20192"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20192"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20192"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}