{"id":20086,"date":"2011-03-26T20:40:00","date_gmt":"2011-03-26T20:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/trainingsnews.com\/arhitectura-sistemului-european-al-2"},"modified":"2011-03-26T20:40:00","modified_gmt":"2011-03-26T20:40:00","slug":"arhitectura-sistemului-european-al-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/2011\/03\/26\/arhitectura-sistemului-european-al-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Arhitectura Sistemului European al B\u0103ncii Centrale (SEBC)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Sistemul European al B\u0103ncii Centrale este cuprins din:  <\/span><\/span>Banca Central\u0103 Euroepan\u0103 (BCE) si  <\/span><\/span>B\u0103ncile Centrale Na\u0163ionale (BCN) ale tuturor statelor membre Uniunii Europene chiar dac\u0103 apar\u0163in sau nu zonei euro. S-au creat dou\u0103 zone:a) Eurosistemul \u2192 cuprinde statele \u00een care circul\u0103 euro (11 state ale UE).b) SEBC ce cuprinde Eurosistemul \u015fi se extinde pe teritoriul acestuia, 15 state membre ale Uniunii Euroepene<\/span><\/div>\n
1. Principii generale:<\/u><\/span> a)  <\/span><\/span><\/b>Federalismul reprezint\u0103 sistemul SEBC \u015fi este un sistem de tip federal unde deciziile sunt luate \u00een mod colegial \u015fi central \u00een cadrul B\u0103ncii Centrale Europene;<\/span><\/div>\n
b)                <\/span><\/span><\/b>Independen\u0163a; de aici rezult\u0103 c\u0103 SEBC este independent fa\u0163\u0103 de puterea politic\u0103 \u015fi anume:<\/span><\/div>\n
–                     <\/span><\/span>Independen\u0163a institu\u0163ional\u0103<\/span><\/i> care interzice acceptarea de in-struc\u0163iuni ce nu apar\u0163in sferei SEBC<\/span><\/div>\n
–                     <\/span><\/span>Independen\u0163a personal\u0103<\/span><\/i> ce decurge din statutul deciden\u0163ilor<\/span><\/div>\n
–                     <\/span><\/span>Independen\u0163a func\u0163ional\u0103<\/span><\/i> de unde rezult\u0103 obliga\u0163ie de a stap\u00e2ni infla\u0163ia<\/span><\/div>\n
–                     <\/span><\/span>Independen\u0163a financiar\u0103<\/span><\/i> provine din capitalul \u015fi din resursele priprii ale SEBC-ului;<\/span><\/div>\n
c)                 <\/span><\/span><\/b>Obiectivul de stabilitate a pre\u0163urilor;<\/span><\/div>\n
d)                <\/span><\/span><\/b>Subsidiaritatea de unde rezult\u0103 metoda de reparti\u0163ie a competen\u0163elor \u00eentre Uniunea Euroepan\u0103 \u015fi statele membre;<\/span><\/div>\n
e)                 <\/span><\/span><\/b>Transparen\u0163a ce arat\u0103 independen\u0163a Sistemului European al B\u0103ncii Centrale \u00cei confer\u0103 o obliga\u0163ie de transparen\u0163\u0103 vis-a-vis de statele membre;<\/span><\/div>\n
f)                  <\/span><\/span><\/b>Responsabilitatea \u00een a atinge obiectivele de stabilitate a pre\u0163urilor pe care Tratatul le-a fixat; <\/span><\/div>\n
g)                <\/span><\/span><\/b>Cooperarea \u00een s\u00e2nul Uniunii Europene<\/span><\/div>\n
h)                <\/span><\/span><\/b>Comunicarea spre exterior a B\u0103ncii Centrale Europene<\/span><\/div>\n
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2. Organismele oficiale ale BCE<\/u><\/span><\/div>\n
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Banca Central\u0103 European\u0103, \u00een fiin\u0163a\u0163\u0103 la 1 iunie 1998 \u015fi devenit\u0103 opera\u0163ional\u0103 la 1 ianuarie 1999 cu sediul la Frankfurt are urm\u0103toarele structuri:<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00b7                    <\/span><\/span>Consiliul guvernatorilor reprezint\u0103 organ de decizie suprem, \u015fi are \u00een alc\u0103tuirea sa \u015fase membrii ai B\u0103ncilor Centrale Na\u0163ionale care apar\u0163in Eurosistemului iar \u00een anul 1999 num\u0103rul membrilor s-a m\u0103rit, ajung\u00e2nd la 17.<\/span><\/div>\n
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 Responabilit\u0103\u0163i:<\/u><\/span><\/div>\n
–                     <\/span><\/span>define\u015fte politica monetar\u0103 a Eurosistemului <\/span><\/div>\n
–                     <\/span><\/span>ia deciziile privind obiectivele monetare intermediare \u015fi a aprovi-zion\u0103rilor \u0103n rezerve a Eurosistemului<\/span><\/div>\n
–                     <\/span><\/span>decide recursul la alte metode opera\u0163ionale de control monetar<\/span><\/div>\n
–                     <\/span><\/span>reglementeaz\u0103 limita rezervelor obligatorii<\/span><\/div>\n
–                     <\/span><\/span>autorizeaz\u0103 emisiunea de bilete de banc\u0103 \u00een euro \u015fi a volumului acesteia<\/span><\/div>\n
–                     <\/span><\/span>decide asupre regulilor contabile \u015fi de informa\u0163ii ale opera\u0163iunilor B\u0103ncilor Centrale Na\u0163ionale<\/span><\/div>\n
–                     <\/span><\/span>adopt\u0103 regulamentul interior al BCE \u015fi a organelor de decizie.<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00b7                    <\/span><\/span>Consiliul director se compune din pre\u015fedinte, vice-pre\u015fedinte \u015fi    <\/span><\/div>\n
    al\u0163i patru membrii, care sunt ale\u015fi pe un mandat de opt ani care nu    <\/span><\/div>\n
    se poate re\u00eennoi<\/span><\/div>\n
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Responsabilit\u0103\u0163i:<\/span><\/u><\/div>\n
–                     <\/span><\/span>pun \u00een practic\u0103 politica monetar\u0103 adoptat\u0103 de Consiliul guverna-torilor  <\/span><\/div>\n
–                     <\/span><\/span>transmite instruc\u0163iuni necesare B\u0103ncilor Centrale Na\u0163ionale<\/span><\/div>\n
–                     <\/span><\/span>preg\u0103te\u015fte \u00eentrunirea Consiliului guvernatorilor<\/span><\/div>\n
–                     <\/span><\/span>are responsabilitatea afacerilor curente a BCE<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00b7                    <\/span><\/span>Pre\u015fedintele prezid\u0103 ansamblul organelor ale B\u0103ncii Centrale Europene \u015fi o reprezint\u0103 \u00een exterior<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00b7                    <\/span><\/span>Consiliul general al B\u0103ncii Centrale Europene se compune din pre\u015fedinte \u015fi vice-pre\u015fedintele BCE \u015fi guvernatorii tuturor B\u0103ncilor Centrale Na\u0163ionale (BCN)<\/span><\/div>\n
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3. Modul de func\u0163ionare al B\u0103ncii Centrale Europene<\/u><\/span><\/div>\n
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a)                <\/span><\/span><\/b>Gestiune intern\u0103<\/span><\/div>\n
Num\u0103rul de salaria\u0163i ai B\u0103ncii Centrale Europene se ridic\u0103 la 604, iar la acest num\u0103r se adaug\u0103 \u015fi personalul b\u0103ncilor centrale na\u0163ionale ale statelor membre<\/span><\/div>\n
Exemplu: Banca Na\u0163ional\u0103 a Fran\u0163ei \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 un num\u0103r de 14.000<\/span><\/div>\n
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b)                <\/span><\/span><\/b>Rela\u0163iile SEBC cu celelalte organisme ale UE:<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00d8                <\/span><\/span>Rapoarte \u015fi audi\u0163ii<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00d8                <\/span><\/span>Acorduri \u015fi statut de observator<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00d8                <\/span><\/span>Particip\u0103ri informale (f\u0103r\u0103 titlu formal)<\/span><\/div>\n
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c)                 <\/span><\/span><\/b>SEBC \u015fi interzicerea finan\u0163\u0103rilor publice<\/span><\/div>\n
Articolele 104 \u015fi 104A a Tratatului stipuleaz\u0103 interzicerea SEBC-ului de a finan\u0163a deficitele publice prin emisiune de moned\u0103.<\/span><\/div>\n
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d)                <\/span><\/span><\/b>SEBC \u015fi rela\u0163iile interna\u0163ionale<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00d8                 <\/span><\/span>FMI reprezint\u0103 centrul Sistemului Monetar Interna\u0163ional (SMI), iar Sistemul European al B\u0103ncii Centrale este repreuentat \u015fi el de b\u0103ncile na\u0163ionale ale statelor membre UE;<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00d8                 <\/span><\/span>La 21 decembrie 1998 FMI a acordat B\u0103ncii Centrale Europene un post de observator permanent<\/span><\/div>\n
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e)                 <\/span><\/span><\/b>Controlul contabil \u015fi judiciar<\/span><\/div>\n
f)                  <\/span><\/span><\/b>Comunicarea extern\u0103 a BCE cu alte state ce nu apar\u0163in UE<\/span><\/div>\n
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1)                 <\/span><\/span>Resursele B\u0103ncii Centrale Europene<\/span><\/u><\/div>\n
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–                     <\/span><\/span>Capitalul BCE la creare a avut un fond de 5 miliarde de euro<\/span><\/div>\n
–                     <\/span><\/span> Rezervele de schimb \u00een afar\u0103 de moneda euro, aceasta mai are rezerve \u015fi \u00een cadrul FMI-ului \u015fi DST-ului \u00een valoare de 50 de miliarde de euro<\/span><\/div>\n
–                     <\/span><\/span>Contribu\u0163ia fiec\u0103rui membru este fixat\u0103 \u00een mod propor\u0163ional \u00een func\u0163ie de capitalul subscris. Fiecare BCN prime\u015fte din partea BCE \u00een contrapartid\u0103 o crean\u0163\u0103 echivalent\u0103 acestei contribu\u0163ii.<\/span><\/div>\n
–                     <\/span><\/span>Repartizarea beneficiilor BCE<\/span><\/div>\n
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2)                 <\/span><\/span>Rolul Comitetului economic \u015fi financiar<\/span><\/u><\/div>\n
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Acesta nu este un organism al SEBC, dar are o func\u0163ie important\u0103 \u00een politica monetar\u0103 a UE. A fost creat la 1 ianuarie 1999 \u015fi succede Comitetul Monetar.<\/span><\/div>\n
Misiuni ale acestuia:<\/span><\/u><\/div>\n
–                     <\/span><\/span>formeaz\u0103 propriile ini\u0163iative \u00een fa\u0163a Consiliului Ecofin \u015fi a Comisiei<\/span><\/div>\n
–                     <\/span><\/span>organizeaz\u0103 situa\u0163ia \u00een materie a mi\u015fc\u0103rilor de capital \u015fi libert\u0103\u0163ii pl\u0103\u0163ilor<\/span><\/div>\n
–                     <\/span><\/span>Contribuie la preg\u0103tirea lucr\u0103rilor Consiliului Ecofin \u00een domenii ca: afacerile bugetare, financiare \u015fi pl\u0103\u0163ile interna\u0163ionale <\/u><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sistemul European al B\u0103ncii Centrale este cuprins din:  Banca Central\u0103 Euroepan\u0103 (BCE) si  B\u0103ncile Centrale Na\u0163ionale (BCN) ale tuturor statelor membre Uniunii Europene chiar dac\u0103 apar\u0163in sau nu zonei euro. S-au creat dou\u0103 zone:a) Eurosistemul \u2192 cuprinde statele \u00een care circul\u0103 euro (11 state ale UE).b) SEBC ce cuprinde Eurosistemul \u015fi se extinde pe teritoriul […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20086","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-phd"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t