{"id":19167,"date":"2011-07-06T06:44:00","date_gmt":"2011-07-06T06:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/trainingsnews.com\/clasificarea-zonelor-libere-2"},"modified":"2011-07-06T06:44:00","modified_gmt":"2011-07-06T06:44:00","slug":"clasificarea-zonelor-libere-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/2011\/07\/06\/clasificarea-zonelor-libere-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Clasificarea zonelor libere"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>

\u00cen diferite studii efectuate de cercet\u0103torii \u00een domeniu pot fi g\u0103site mai multe clasific\u0103ri ale zonelor libere. Dac\u0103 ar fi s\u0103 le cumul\u0103m, am ob\u0163ine urm\u0103toarea clasificare , \u00een func\u0163ie de criteriile:
\nI. \u00cen func\u0163ie de m\u0103rime, zonele libere se clasific\u0103 \u00een:
\na. Foarte mici, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 10 ha(exemplu: Singapore \u2013 4 ha, insula Man \u2013 8 ha);
\nb. Mici, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 100 ha(exemplu: Baguio \u00een insulele Filipine \u2013 62 ha, Curacao \u00een Antilele Olandeze \u2013 64 ha, aeroportul Larnaca, insula Cipru \u2013 80 ha);
\nc. Mijlocii, \u00eentre 101-300 ha(exemplu: Panama \u2013 110 ha, Mactan, insulele Filipine \u2013 119 ha, Shannon, port + aeroport \u00een Irlanda \u2013 120 ha, Monrovia, Liberia \u2013 200 ha, insulele Bahamas \u2013 220 ha, golful Aqaba, Iordania \u2013 300 ha);
\nd. Mari, \u00eentre 301-1000 ha;
\ne. Foarte mari, peste 1000 ha(exemplu Bataan, ins. Filipine \u2013 1300 ha).
\nII. \u00cen func\u0163ie de tipul opera\u0163iunilor executate:
\na. \u201cteritorii libere\u201d ale c\u0103ror func\u0163ii se limiteaz\u0103 la opera\u0163iunile de p\u0103strare, sortare, \u00eempachetare, transbordare, f\u0103r\u0103 o prelucrare suplimentar\u0103 a m\u0103rfurilor:
\n\u2013 porturi libere franco(PF)
\n\u2013 aeroporturi libere(AL)
\n\u2013 perimetre libere(free perimeter-PL)
\n\u2013 zon\u0103 de tranzit(ZT)
\nb. zone \u00een care se desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 \u015fi o activitate productiv\u0103, de prelucrare primar\u0103 sau secundar\u0103 a m\u0103rfurilor depozitate:
\n\u2013 zone prelucr\u0103toare de export(ZPE)
\n\u2013 zone de promovare a investi\u0163iilor(ZPI)
\n\u2013 zone libere comerciale(ZLC)
\nIII. \u00cen func\u0163ie de influen\u0163a la nivelul economiei na\u0163ionale respective:
\na. Zon\u0103 \u00eenchis\u0103 \u00een care activit\u0103\u0163ile desf\u0103\u015furate nu influen\u0163eaz\u0103 economia \u0163\u0103rii aflat\u0103 \u00een apropiere.
\nb. Zon\u0103 deschis\u0103 sau integrat\u0103, care \u00eentre\u0163ine leg\u0103turi economice directe \u015fi reciproce cu statul pe teritoriul c\u0103ruia se afl\u0103.
\nIV. \u00cen func\u0163ie de modul de administrare:
\na. De c\u0103tre organele locale ale puterii de stat abilitate \u00een acest scop
\nb. De c\u0103tre statul respectiv.
\nV. \u00cen func\u0163ie de particularit\u0103\u0163ile organizatorice:
\na. Zone libere de taxe vamale
\nb. Zone de comer\u0163 liber
\nc. zone economice libere etc.<\/p>\n

VI. \u00cen func\u0163ie de natura \u015fi importan\u0163a facilit\u0103\u0163ilor acordate sau dup\u0103 regimul fiscal:
\na. Zone libere \u2013 enclave \u00eentr-un teritoriu vamal na\u0163ional \u00een care m\u0103rfurile intr\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 formalit\u0103\u0163i vamale.
\nb. Zone bancare libere \u2013 b\u0103nci, care \u00een contextul pie\u0163ei eurodevizelor sunt scutite de obliga\u0163ia rezervei obligatorii minime a depozitelor \u00een valut\u0103.
\nc. Zone libere de asigur\u0103ri \u2013 caracterizate prin lipsa reglement\u0103rilor pentru anumite tipuri de asigur\u0103ri.
\nVII. \u00cen func\u0163ie de locul de amplasare:
\na. Porturi(fluviale sau maritime)
\nb. Aeroporturi
\nc. altele
\nVIII. \u00cen func\u0163ie de integrarea economic\u0103 aflat\u0103 \u00een apropiere:
\na. Zona european\u0103 care cuprinde \u015fase mari ZEL:
\n\u2013 Larnaca din insula Cipru
\n\u2013 Gibraltar
\n\u2013 Grecia
\n\u2013 Insula Man din Marea Britanie
\n\u2013 Shannon din Irlanda
\n\u2013 Elve\u0163ia
\nMai sunt cuprinse \u015fi zone libere din centrul Europei(Polonia, Ungaria, Slovacia) \u015fi din Estul Europei(Rom\u00e2nia, Iugoslavia, Bulgaria).
\nb. Zona asiatic\u0103 \u2013 cuprinde 7 mari ZEL:
\n\u2013 Portul Mina Sulman \u00een Bahrein
\n\u2013 Jebel Ali Free Zone Authoritz din Emiratele Arabe Unite
\n\u2013 Golful Aqaba din Iordania
\n\u2013 Hong Kong
\n\u2013 Macao
\n\u2013 Singapore
\n\u2013 Insulele Filipine
\nMai trebuie men\u0163ionat\u0103 \u015fi China cu peste 20 de ZEL-uri \u015fi insula Taiwan.
\nc. Zona american\u0103 \u2013 care posed\u0103 cinci ZEL-uri:
\n\u2013 Curacao + aeroportul Prin\u0163esa Beatrix din insulele Antilele Olandeze
\n\u2013 Bahama Mare din insula Bahamas
\n\u2013 Freeport din insulele Bermude
\n\u2013 Panama
\n\u2013 Costa Rica
\nd. Zona african\u0103 \u2013 exemplu: Monrovia(Liberia)
\nIX. \u00cen func\u0163ie de destina\u0163ia m\u0103rfurilor:
\na. Zone orientate spre importul de m\u0103rfuri(cazul \u0163\u0103rilor dezvoltate)
\nb. zone orientate spre exportul de m\u0103rfuri(cazul \u0163\u0103rilor \u00een curs de dezvoltare).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen diferite studii efectuate de cercet\u0103torii \u00een domeniu pot fi g\u0103site mai multe clasific\u0103ri ale zonelor libere. Dac\u0103 ar fi s\u0103 le cumul\u0103m, am ob\u0163ine urm\u0103toarea clasificare , \u00een func\u0163ie de criteriile: I. \u00cen func\u0163ie de m\u0103rime, zonele libere se clasific\u0103 \u00een: a. Foarte mici, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 10 ha(exemplu: Singapore \u2013 4 ha, insula Man […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-phd"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t