{"id":107996,"date":"2018-02-16T20:04:00","date_gmt":"2018-02-16T20:04:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-01-08T10:40:02","modified_gmt":"2023-01-08T10:40:02","slug":"stefan-cel-mare-1457-1504-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/2018\/02\/16\/stefan-cel-mare-1457-1504-3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u015etefan cel Mare (1457 \u2013 1504)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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          \u00cen secolul XIV p\u0103trundea \u00een Europa un popor r\u0103zboinic : turcii otomani. Ei veneau din Asia \u015fi \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u015feau credin\u0163a islamic\u0103. Otomanii se \u00eendreptaser\u0103 \u00eempotriva statelor cre\u015ftine, \u00een special a Imperiului Bizantin. Moldova era sub amenin\u0163are turc\u0103 din jurul anului 1455, primul domnitor care a pl\u0103tit tribut Por\u0163ii fiind Petru Aron (1455-1457). La sf\u00e2r\u015fitul domniei lui, Vlad \u0162epe\u015f, care era domn \u00een \u0162ara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, \u00eel ajut\u0103 pe \u015etefan cel Mare s\u0103 urce pe tron. Pe plan intern, \u015etefan consolideaz\u0103 Sfatul Domnesc, din care fac parte boierii cu drag\u0103torii, \u00eent\u0103re\u015fte cet\u0103\u0163ile de ap\u0103rare (Suceava, Neam\u0163). El acord\u0103 privilegii negustorilor Bra\u015foveni. Se ocup\u0103 de cele dou\u0103 cet\u0103\u0163i de la sud, Chilia \u015fi Cetatea Alb\u0103, care erau st\u0103p\u00e2nite de Ungaria din anul 1448.<\/span><\/div>\n
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          Obiecitvele lui pe plan extern erau :<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00b7        <\/span><\/span>Men\u0163inerea uni echilibru \u00eentre p\u0103r\u0163ile rivale<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00b7        <\/span><\/span>P\u0103strarea existen\u0163ei politice anti-otomane a Moldovei<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00b7        <\/span><\/span>P\u0103strarea independen\u0163ei \u015fi integrit\u0103\u0163ii teritoriale a Moldovei<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00b7        <\/span><\/span>\u00cenl\u0103turarea suzeranit\u0103\u0163ii otomane<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00cen primii ani de domnie urm\u0103re\u015fte emanciparea fa\u0163\u0103 de preten\u0163iile de suzeranitate \u015fi domina\u0163ie ale Poloniei \u015fi Ungariei. Astfel el re\u00eenoie\u015fte tratatul de vasalitate fa\u0163\u0103 de Polonia (Cazimir IV) \u00een 1459. \u00cen 1465 cucere\u015fte Chlia \u015fi Cetatea Alb\u0103, \u00een detrimentul Ungarie. Reac\u0163ia regelui ungur, Matei Corvin este de a veni cu armat\u0103, dar este \u00eenvins la Baia, \u00een 1467, astfel fiind \u00eenl\u0103turate preten\u0163iile Ungriei de suzeranitate fa\u0163\u0103 de Moldova.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Urm\u0103torul pas \u00een politica lui extern\u0103 este ruperea pl\u0103\u0163ii tributului fa\u0163\u0103 de Poart\u0103. \u00cempotriva sa este condus\u0103 o campanie turceasc\u0103 (Soliman Pa\u015fa). C\u00e2ns este atacat, \u015etefan nu prime\u015fte nici un ajutor din partea cre\u015ftin\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii (Polonia, Ungaria, Vene\u0163ia), reu\u015find totu\u015fi o victorie spectaculoas\u0103 la Vaslui, la 10 ianuarie 1475. \u00cencheie un tratat de alian\u0163\u0103 anti-otoman\u0103 cu Matei Corvin, regele Ungariei, \u00eens\u0103 este \u00eenvins la R\u0103zboieni de sultanul Mehmed al II-lea, \u00een anul 1476,  iar turcii nu reu\u015fesc s\u0103 cucereasc\u0103 cet\u0103\u0163ile \u015fi se retrag la sud de Dun\u0103re, find h\u0103r\u0163ui\u0163i \u00een retragere de \u015etefan.  Dup\u0103 ce ungurii declar\u0103 pace cu turcii, polonii sutn neutri, \u015etefan pierde Chilia \u015fi Cetatea Alb\u0103 \u00een favoarea otomanilor. \u015etefan re\u00eenoie\u015fte tratatul de vasalitate cu Polonia, \u015fi tratatul de alian\u0163\u0103 cu ungurii, primind Ciceul \u015fi Cetatea de Balt\u0103. Chiar dac\u0103 mai t\u00e2rziu \u00eencehe pace cu turcii, Moldova \u00ee\u015fi p\u0103streaz\u0103 autonimoa. \u00cen 1497 \u00eei \u00eenfr\u00e2nge pe poloni la Condrii Cosminului.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Rezisten\u0163a opus\u0103 de \u015etefan cel Mare a determibat Poarta ca, cel pu\u0163in \u00een timpul lui, s\u0103 prefere pacea \u00een loc de r\u0103zboi, asigur\u00e2nd Moldovei un prestigiu politic deosebit.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          \u00cen secolul XIV p\u0103trundea \u00een Europa un popor r\u0103zboinic : turcii otomani. Ei veneau din Asia \u015fi \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u015feau credin\u0163a islamic\u0103. Otomanii se \u00eendreptaser\u0103 \u00eempotriva statelor cre\u015ftine, \u00een special a Imperiului Bizantin. Moldova era sub amenin\u0163are turc\u0103 din jurul anului 1455, primul domnitor care a pl\u0103tit tribut Por\u0163ii fiind Petru Aron (1455-1457). La sf\u00e2r\u015fitul domniei […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107996"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107996"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107996\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107996"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}