{"id":107699,"date":"2018-02-17T22:33:00","date_gmt":"2018-02-17T22:33:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-01-08T10:37:29","modified_gmt":"2023-01-08T10:37:29","slug":"diabetul-zaharat-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/2018\/02\/17\/diabetul-zaharat-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Diabetul zaharat"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><h3 class=\"post-title entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; position: relative;\"><\/h3>\n<div class=\"post-body entry-content\" id=\"post-body-4269192749935145082\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.7; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; width: 615px;\">\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"DE\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Diabetul zaharat este un sindrom foarte frecvent, in prezent existand aproximativ 200 de milioane de bolnavi. In Romania, la inceputul anului 2002 existau peste 360 000 de bolnavi.<\/span><span lang=\"DE\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"DE\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Diabetul zaharat este cunoscut din antichitate, manifestarile sale fiind descrise in Papirusul Ebers &#8211; 1500 i.e.n. In 1889 este dovedita legatura dintre DZ si pancreas.&nbsp;<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">In 1921 este descoperita insulina de catre savantul roman Nicolae Paulescu, iar in 1922 este pentru prima data administrata la om. In 1955 incepe era medicamentelor antidiabetice orale, iar in 1963 se reuseste sinteza insulinei.<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">DZ este un sindrom caracterizat prin hiperglicemie cronica datorata scaderii secretiei de insulina sau tulburarii actiunii acesteia. Se considera ca o persoana are diabet zaharat atunci cand glicemia masurata dimineata inainte de masa este mai mare de 126 mg % sau cand este peste 200 mg % in orice moment al zilei.<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Glicemia &#8211; nivelul glucozei (zaharul) din sange.&nbsp;<\/span><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">In mod normal valorile glicemiei sunt cuprinse intre 70-110 mg %.<\/span><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Hiperglicemia &#8211; valori ale glicemiei de peste 126 mg %.<\/span><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Hipoglicemia &#8211; valori ale glicemiei sub 70 mg %.<\/span><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Insulina &#8211; hormon secretat in pancreas. Principalul hormon care mentine glicemia la valori normale (70-110 mg %). Stimuleaza patrunderea glucozei in celule, necesara producerii de energie.<\/span><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">In timp, hiperglicemia determina complicatii la nivelul ochilor, rinichilor, inimii, vaselor de sange, nervilor, deoarece glucoza in exces poate avea efecte toxice.<\/span><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><i><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #990000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Clasificarea diabetului zaharat<\/span><\/i><\/b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<ul style=\"line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Diabetul zaharat tip 1 apare in general la copii si tineri inainte de 40 de ani. La acesti bolnavi pancreasul nu mai secreta deloc insulina, astfel incat ei va trebui sa urmeze toata viata tratament cu insulina.<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Diabetul zaharat tip 2 apare de regula dupa 40 de ani. La acesti bolnavi pancreasul secreta inca insulina, dar aceasta nu actioneaza normal la nivelul celulelor, acestea nepreluand si nefolosind corespunzator glucoza din sange.<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Diabetul zaharat la gravide &#8211; unele femei pot face DZ in timpul sarcinii, dar de obicei acesta dispare dupa nastere.<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><i><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #990000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Cauzele aparitiei diabetului zaharat<\/span><\/i><\/b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Diabetul zaharat este cauzat de: defecte genetice, boli ale pancreasului (pancreatita, traumatisme), alte boli endocrine, unele medicamente (prednison, diuretice), infectii (rubeola congenitala, citomegalovirus), obezitate, stres, sedentarism, alimentatie bogata in grasimi si glucide.<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><i><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #990000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Principalele semne in diabetul zaharat<\/span><\/i><\/b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<ul style=\"line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Poliuria &#8211; eliminarea a peste doi litri de urina. In cursul unei zile se poate ajunge pana la pierderea a 6-8 litri de urina.<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Polidipsia &#8211; senzatia puternica de sete urmata de consumul unor cantitati mari de lichide. Bolnavii au limba si gura uscata.<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Scaderea in greutate &#8211; pana la 10-20 kg in cateva saptamani sau luni.<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Polifagia &#8211; exagerarea poftei de mancare.&nbsp;<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Bolnavii mananca foarte mult desi in mod paradoxal scad in greutate.<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Oboseala, scaderea fortei fizice si intelectuale.<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Semne ale complicatiilor infectioase: gangrene, boli de piele, infectii la nivelul organelor genitale.<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><i><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: #990000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Complicatiile in diabetul zaharat<\/span><\/i><\/b><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Datorita complicatiilor, durata medie de viata a diabeticilor este cu aproximativ 5 ani mai mica decat a persoanelor fara diabet.<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><i><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #990000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Complicatiile acute sunt frecvente:<\/span><\/i><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<ul style=\"line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Comele diabetice &#8211; hiperglicemie peste 700-800 mg %.Bolnavul prezinta: fata palida, maini si picioare reci, limba uscata, piele uscata, greturi, varsaturi, dureri abdominale, respiratie cu miros de acetona; bolnavul este inert, flasc si isi poate pierde cunostinta.<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Infectii acute: ale pielii (furunculi, abcese), respiratorii (pneumonii), renale (pielonefrite, cistite).<\/span><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><i><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #990000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Complicatii cronice:<\/span><\/i><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<ul style=\"line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Tuberculoza pulmonara<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Infectii urinare (pielonefrita cronica)<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Infectii genitale: vulvovaginita (prurit genital, secretie abundenta, albicioasa), balanopostita (prurit penian, roseata)<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Complicatii oculare &#8211; retinopatia diabetica, cataracta diabetica (se poate ajunge pana la orbire)<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Complicatii renale &#8211; nefropatia diabetica &#8211; pana la insuficienta renala ce va necesita dializa sau transplant renal.<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Cardiopatia ischemica &#8211; angina pectorala sau infarct miocardic, de cele mai multe ori nedureros.<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Accidente vasculare cerebrale<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Arteriopatia membrelor inferioare &#8211; poate evolua pana la gangrena si amputatie.<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Neuropatia diabetica (afectarea nervilor) &#8211; bolnavii prezinta crampe musculare, furnicaturi, senzatia de arsura sau dureri adesea insuportabile la nivelul membrelor inferioare. Dimpotriva, se intampla frecvent ca bolnavii sa nu simta durerea. Acest fapt este mult mai grav deoarece se pot lovi, intepa, taia si, nesimtind durere, vor neglija tratarea ranilor. Trebuie precizat ca ranile diabeticilor se infecteaza mult mai usor si se vindeca mult mai greu decat la nediabetici. Tot in cadrul neuropatiei se incadreaza alte complicatii precum: impotenta (30-75%), gastropareza diabetica (greturi, varsaturi, balonare).<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Diaree apoasa, alternand cu constipatie.<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Transpiratie exagerata sau disparitia transpiratiei in unele zone.<\/span><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Parodontopatia diabetica &#8211; caderea dintilor la varste tinere.<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\"><br \/><\/span><b><i><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #990000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Cine trebuie sa faca teste pentru diabet zaharat<\/span><\/i><\/b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<ul style=\"line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Toate persoanele peste 45 de ani, o data la 3 ani.<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Persoanele sub 45 de ani, o data la 6-12 luni care sunt: obeze, rude de gradul intai ale unor persoane cu diabet zaharat, femeile care au nascut copii cu greutate peste 4 kg sau care au avut diabet zaharat in timpul sarcinilor anterioare, persoanele cu hipertensiune arteriala (&gt;140 \/ 90 mmHg).<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><i><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: #990000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Tratament<\/span><\/i><\/b><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Indiferent de tipul de diabet zaharat, regimul alimentar este obligatoriu. Glucidele vor reprezenta 50-60% din necesarul caloric, proteinele aproximativ 12%, iar lipidele sub 30%. De aceea alimentele vor fi cantarite si repartizate pe mese.&nbsp;<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Alimentele ce contin glucide se impart in 3 categorii:<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<ul style=\"line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Alimente interzise: zaharul, prajituri cu zahar, bomboane, ciocolata, halva, siropuri, biscuiti cu zahar, miere, inghetata, bauturi cu zahar, fructe bogate in glucide (struguri, pere zemoase, curmale, smochine).<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Alimente ce trebuie cantarite: paine, fainoase, produse din cereale, cartofi, orez, leguminoase uscate.<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Alimente ce pot fi consumate fara restrictie &#8211; legumele.<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">De asemenea trebuie consumate in cantitati reduse alimentele cu continut mare de colesterol (creier, ficat, carne grasa, galbenus de ou).&nbsp;<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Alimentele pot fi consumate sub orice forma, neexistand restrictii in ceea ce priveste prepararea lor. Alcoolul si fumatul sunt interzise, iar cafeaua se poate consuma in cantitati mici (o ceasca pe zi).<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Exercitiul fizic. Este indispensabil deoarece are rol de a scadea glicemia prin cresterea consumului glucozei la nivel muscular. Trebuie insa individualizat dupa tipul diabetului, existenta si frecventa complicatiilor. In diabetul zaharat tip 1, unele profesiuni nu pot fi practicate deoarece pot fi puse in pericol viata bolnavului sau a celor din jur (aviator, sofer profesionist, muncitor la inaltime, scafandru, mecanic de locomotiva).<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Insulinoterapia. Tratamentul cu insulina este indispensabil celor cu diabet zaharat tip 1. In cazul celor cu diabet zaharat tip 2 insulina se administreaza permanent cand glicemia nu mai poate fi mentinuta la valori convenabile prin dieta si medicamente antidiabetice orale, sau temporar in anumite situatii &#8211; infectii severe, in timpul interventiilor chirurgicale, sarcina si alaptare, alergii sau reactii adverse la antidiabeticele orale, infarct miocardic.<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Din 1982, insulina umana sintetizata prin inginerie genetica a inlocuit aproape total insulina de origine animala. Aceasta este administrata subcutanat prin injectii cu seringi pentru insulina sau in ultimii ani, cu ajutorul unor Pen-uri (stilouri) mult mai usor de manevrat de catre copii, varstnici, nevazatori. Din 1995 au aparut primii analogi de insulina (substante putin diferite structural de insulina umana) care au acelasi efect. Ei exista in prezent si pe piata romaneasca: Lispro si Aspart &#8211; cu actiune scurta si Glargine si Detemir &#8211; cu actiune prelungita. La ora actuala se fac studii pentru realizarea de insuline ce pot fi administrate oral, nazal, inhalator, transdermic.<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Medicamentele antidiabetice orale. Acestea se adreseaza in exclusivitate bolnavilor cu diabet zaharat tip 2 care nu pot fi echilibrati doar cu regim alimentar.&nbsp;<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Sunt contraindicate in diabetul zaharat tip 1, sarcina, infectii asociate, in timpul interventiilor chirurgicale pana la vindecare.<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<ol start=\"1\" style=\"margin: 0px 20px 20px 0px; padding-left: 20px; text-align: justify;\" type=\"1\">\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Derivati de sulfoniluree &#8211; la pacienti cu greutate normala (normoponderali). Acestia stimuleaza secretia de insulina, scad producerea de glucoza de catre ficat, actioneaza la nivelul receptorilor de insulina de la nivelul celulelor. In Romania sunt folosite sulfoniluree de generatia a doua: glibenclamida (Maninil, Euglucon), glipizida (Minidiab, Glucotrol), gliclazida (Diaprel), gliquidona (Glurenorm), administrate in 1-2 prize. Glimepirida (Amaryl) este cel mai nou preparat de sulfoniluree considerat ca inceputul generatiei a treia. Avantajul acestuia fata de celelalte sulfoniluree consta in dozajul mic, debut rapid al actiunii, administrare intr-o singura priza, actiune 24 de ore; poate fi administrat si la pacientii cu insuficienta renala.<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">. Analogi de meglitinida &#8211; repaglinida (NovoNorm), nateglinida. Acestea actioneaza asemanator cu sulfonilureele dar au actiune scurta (4 ore) si se administreaza inainte de fiecare masa principala.<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">. Biguanide &#8211; metformin (Meguan, Siofor, Glucophage), buformin (Silubin, Dibiten). Acestea se administreaza la pacientii obezi. Actioneaza prin scaderea absorbtiei intestinale a glucidelor si prin cresterea actiunii insulinei. Se pot asocia cu insulina si sulfonilureele; nu se administreaza in insuficienta renala.<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">. Tiazolidindione &#8211; reprezinta o clasa noua de antidiabetice orale, fiind introduse in 1999 in SUA si 2000 in Europa. In Romania au fost introduse in 2002. Rosiglitazona (Avandia) si pioglitazona (Actos) nu stimuleaza secretia de insulina ci cresc sensibilitatea la insulina a tesutului adipos, ficat, muschi. Acestea se administreaza in 1-2 doze si se indica folosirea lor numai in asociere cu alte antidiabetice orale.<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><i><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #990000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Alte metode de tratament.<\/span><\/i><\/b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<ul style=\"line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;\" type=\"disc\">\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Pompele de insulina &#8211; Dispozitive mecanice care injecteaza continuu si automat in organismul pacientului mici cantitati de insulina.&nbsp;<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Avantajul acestor aparate costisitoare consta in imbunatatirea controlului glicemic si ameliorarea calitatii vietii prin reducerea numarului de injectii de insulina la una singura la 2-3 zile si permiterea unui regim alimentar mai usor.<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"color: black; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;\"><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Transplantul de pancreas sau transplantul de celule secretoare de insulina &#8211; este singura modalitate de a inlocui administrarea insulinei sau a medicamentelor antidiabetice. La ora actuala se realizeaza doar in cateva centre din SUA, Canada, China si UE.<\/span><span lang=\"ES\" style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt;\">Metodele traditionale si naturiste &#8211; ceaiurile pentru diabet &#8211; pot cel mult ajuta la controlarea glicemiei, dar nu pot inlocui tratamentul cu insulina sau medicamente antidiabetice orale.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Diabetul zaharat este un sindrom foarte frecvent, in prezent existand aproximativ 200 de milioane de bolnavi. In Romania, la inceputul anului 2002 existau peste 360 000 de bolnavi. Diabetul zaharat este cunoscut din antichitate, manifestarile sale fiind descrise in Papirusul Ebers &#8211; 1500 i.e.n. In 1889 este dovedita legatura dintre DZ si pancreas.&nbsp;In 1921 este [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107699"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107699"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107699\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107699"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107699"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107699"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}