{"id":107677,"date":"2018-02-17T22:52:00","date_gmt":"2018-02-17T22:52:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-01-08T10:37:20","modified_gmt":"2023-01-08T10:37:20","slug":"neorealismul-k-waltz-si-teoria-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/2018\/02\/17\/neorealismul-k-waltz-si-teoria-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Neorealismul. K. Waltz \u015fi Teoria politicii interna\u0163ionale."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><h3 class=\"post-title entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; position: relative;\"><\/h3>\n<div class=\"post-body entry-content\" id=\"post-body-8138178274349916885\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.7; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; width: 615px;\">\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Morgenthau a avut un rol paradigmatic \u00een instituirea unei discipline autonome a rela\u0163iilor interna\u0163ionale. Waltz a avut acela\u015fi statut pentru ap\u0103rarea independen\u0163ei disciplinei, care fusese amenin\u0163at\u0103 datorit\u0103 poten\u0163ialei pr\u0103bu\u015firi a grani\u0163elor sale \u015fi a exploziei programelor sale de cercetare. Teoria lui Kenneth Waltz se bazeaz\u0103 pe o serie de dihotomii, reminiscen\u0163\u0103 a disputei realism- idealism, dar, de\u015fi a f\u0103cut tot ce a putut pentru a-i corecta pe ace\u015fti reali\u015fti care \u015fi-au men\u0163inut teoretiz\u0103rile c\u00e2t mai aproape de practica diplomatic\u0103 (Aron, Hoffmann, Kissinger), propria sa perspectiv\u0103 \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103 nu reu\u015fe\u015fte s\u0103 dep\u0103\u015feasc\u0103 dificult\u0103\u0163ile de care s-a lovit Kissinger. Cu toate acestea el \u015fi-a propus s\u0103 \u00eenlocuiasc\u0103 g\u00e2ndirea realist\u0103 cu o teorie solid\u0103 neorealist\u0103. Waltz a prezentat, \u00een 1959, cele trei imagini clasice care stau la baza \u00een\u0163elegerii r\u0103zboiului: r\u0103zboiul \u00ee\u015fi are originea fie \u00een natura uman\u0103, fie \u00een tipul regimului din interiorul statului, fie \u00een caracteristicile sistemului interna\u0163ional. El era adeptul celei de-a treia imagini, cea interna\u0163ional\u0103, iar \u00een 1979 a revenit asupra acestei convingeri. Waltz define\u015fte o structur\u0103 prin trei caracteristici principale. Prima, un sistem este fie ierarhic.&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/optdolari.blogspot.ca\/2011\/03\/neorealismul-k-waltz-si-teoria.html\" name=\"more\" style=\"color: #ee5307; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;\"><\/a>Ceea ce distinge \u00een mod paradigmatic sistemul interna\u0163ional de alte sisteme \u015fi ceea ce confer\u0103 acestei structuri interna\u0163ionale for\u0163\u0103 cauzal\u0103 este caracterul s\u0103u anarhic. A doua caracteristic\u0103, din moment ce sistemul interna\u0163ional este anarhic, fiecare stat trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 singur grij\u0103 de toate func\u0163iile sale esen\u0163iale : nu exist\u0103 o diviziune a muncii \u00een cadrul sistemului mondial al guvern\u0103rii. Astfel spus, func\u0163iile sunt diferen\u0163iate doar \u00een cadrul sistemelor ierarhice, cum sunt statele, dar nu \u015fi \u00een sistemul interna\u0163ional. A treia caracteristic\u0103 pentru analiza interna\u0163ional\u0103 actual\u0103 este faptul c\u0103 o structur\u0103 este definit\u0103 de distribu\u0163ia capacit\u0103\u0163ilor \u00eentre unit\u0103\u0163ile sale. Astfel, sistemele urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 fie diferen\u0163iate dup\u0103 num\u0103rul polilor puterii \u00eentre care are loc competi\u0163ia interna\u021bional\u0103. Punctul \u00een care&nbsp;<strong>neorealismul difer\u0103 de realism<\/strong>&nbsp;este metodologia \u015fi concep\u0163ia despre sine. Cu toate c\u0103 \u00een 1959, Waltz \u015fi-a expus punctul de vedere \u00eentr-o discu\u0163ie filozofic\u0103, dou\u0103zeci de ani mai t\u00e2rziu acelea\u015fi idei sunt derivate dintr-o defini\u0163ie a sistemului interna\u0163ional modelat\u0103 dup\u0103 concep\u0163ia neoclasic\u0103 a pie\u0163ei economice. \u00cenc\u0103 o dat\u0103, a treia imagine ia inten\u0163ionat o turnur\u0103 \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103, de data aceasta referindu-se la modelul economic. \u00cen teoria rela\u0163iilor interna\u0163ionale, una dintre problemele importante este aceea dac\u0103 a\u015fa \u2013 numitul neorealism structural al lui Waltz este \u00eentr-adev\u0103r legat de un model individualist, ceea ce a provocat o disput\u0103 major\u0103 \u00eentre diferi\u0163i anali\u015fti (Hollis \u015fi Smith versus Ashley \u015fi Wendt). Waltz consider\u0103 c\u0103 scopul fundamental al statelor nu este maximizarea puterii, ci realizarea sau maximizarea securit\u0103\u0163ii. Cu toate acestea el afirm\u0103 c\u0103 : \u201cStatele, sau cei care ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 \u00een numele lor, \u00eencearc\u0103 \u00een moduri mai mult sau mai pu\u0163in adecvate s\u0103 se foloseasc\u0103 de mijloacele disponibile pentru a-\u015fi atinge \u0163elurile propuse . Aceste mijloace se \u00eempart \u00een dou\u0103 categorii : eforturi interne (de a cre\u015fte capacitatea economic\u0103, de a spori for\u0163a militar\u0103, de a dezvolta strategii potrivite) \u015fi eforturi externe ( de \u00eent\u0103rire sau l\u0103rgire a propriilor alian\u0163e sau de sl\u0103bire \u015fi \u00eengr\u0103dire a alian\u0163elor potrivnice)\u201d. Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 sporirea puterii este \u00eentr-adev\u0103r doar un mijloc, \u00een vederea altor scopuri, dar un mijloc inevitabil.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Morgenthau a avut un rol paradigmatic \u00een instituirea unei discipline autonome a rela\u0163iilor interna\u0163ionale. Waltz a avut acela\u015fi statut pentru ap\u0103rarea independen\u0163ei disciplinei, care fusese amenin\u0163at\u0103 datorit\u0103 poten\u0163ialei pr\u0103bu\u015firi a grani\u0163elor sale \u015fi a exploziei programelor sale de cercetare. Teoria lui Kenneth Waltz se bazeaz\u0103 pe o serie de dihotomii, reminiscen\u0163\u0103 a disputei realism- idealism, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107677"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107677"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107677\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107677"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107677"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107677"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}