{"id":107532,"date":"2018-02-18T10:23:00","date_gmt":"2018-02-18T10:23:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-01-08T10:36:08","modified_gmt":"2023-01-08T10:36:08","slug":"elaborarea-si-aprobarea-constitutiei-sua-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/2018\/02\/18\/elaborarea-si-aprobarea-constitutiei-sua-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Elaborarea \u015fi aprobarea Constitu\u0163iei SUA."},"content":{"rendered":"
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Dup\u0103 r\u0103zboi au avut loc mi\u015fc\u0103ri de ordin social, legate de problema agrar\u0103, lichidarea datoriilor \u015fi de necesitatea introducerii unei judec\u0103\u0163i echitabile. Ele \u015fi-au g\u0103sit expresia \u00een r\u0103scoala fermierilor \u015fi meseria\u015filor din statul Massachusetts din 1786, <\/strong>r\u0103scoal\u0103 ce a avut un caracter democratic, dar care a fost potolit\u0103 cu asprime. Astfel, problema reorganiz\u0103rii or\u00eenduirii de stat a S.U.A. se situeaz\u0103 pe primul plan. Cu acest scop, \u00een septembrie 1787 <\/strong>Conven\u0163ia constitu\u0163ional\u0103, reunit\u0103 la Philadelphia, a elaborat prima constitu\u0163ie federal\u0103 american\u0103. Fiind \u00een primul r\u00eend un compromis \u00eentre burghezie \u015fi plantatori, ea aplica \u00een practic\u0103 principiul separ\u0103rii puterii de stat \u00een spiritul ideilor lui Locke \u015fi Montesquieu. Conform constitu\u0163iei, S.U.A. se transformau \u00eentr-o republic\u0103 federal\u0103 preziden\u0163ial\u0103. \u00cen fruntea statului \u015fi a guvernului era pre\u015fedintele, ales pe 4 <\/strong>ani,<\/a> \u00eenvestit cu mari,\u00eemputerniciri. El \u00eendeplinea func\u0163ia de comandant suprem al armatei, p\u0103stra independenta fa\u0163\u0103 de organul legislativ – Congresul, avea dreptul de veto, forma \u015fi remania guvernul. Primul pre\u015fedinte al S.U.A. a fost ales G. Washington. Puterea legislativ\u0103 apar\u0163inea Congresului, alc\u0103tuit din dou\u0103 camere – Camera Reprezentan\u0163ilor, ai c\u0103rei deputa\u0163i se alegeau propor\u0163ional cu num\u0103rul locuitorilor din fiecare stat, \u015fi Senatul, \u00een care erau delega\u0163i c\u00eete 2 <\/strong>reprezentan\u0163i de la fiecare stat. Curtea Suprem\u0103 \u00eendeplinea func\u0163ia de organ principal al puterii juridice. Membrii ei se alegeau pe via\u0163\u0103. Ea avea dreptul de a interpreta constitu\u0163ia \u015fi de a anula legile aprobate de Congres care \u00eei contraveneau. Constitu\u0163ia limita dreptul de vot prin diferite censuri: de avere, studii, domiciliu stabil \u015fi altele. Numai 120 000 <\/strong>de locuitori se bucurau de acest drept. R\u0103mlnea \u00een vigoare sclavia. Caracterul conservator al consti tu\u0163iei a determinat nemul\u0163umiri \u00een societatea american\u0103, care s-a \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163it \u00een dou\u0103 tabere: federali\u015fti (reprezentan\u0163ii v\u00eerfurilor burgheziei \u015fi ai plantatorilor – D.Madison, A.Hamilton), adep\u0163i ai constitu\u0163iei elaborate, \u015fi antifederali\u015fti (reprezentan\u0163ii for\u0163elor democratice – T.Jefferson, Patrick Henry), adep\u0163i ai democratiz\u0103rii constitu\u0163iei. \u00cen septembrie 1791 <\/strong>Congresul american a fost nevoit s\u0103 aprobe 10 amendamente constitu\u0163ionale, care prevedeau introducerea libert\u0103\u0163ii cuv\u00eentului, adun\u0103rilor, presei, libert\u0103\u0163ii de con\u015ftiin\u0163\u0103, inviolabilit\u0103\u0163ii persoanei \u015fi a domiciliului, judec\u0103\u0163ii cu jura\u0163i \u015fi altele. Aceste amendamente au democratizat constitu\u0163ia federal\u0103, care cu unele noi amendamente, e \u00een vigoare \u015fi ast\u0103zi.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dup\u0103 r\u0103zboi au avut loc mi\u015fc\u0103ri de ordin social, legate de problema agrar\u0103, lichidarea datoriilor \u015fi de necesitatea introducerii unei judec\u0103\u0163i echitabile. Ele \u015fi-au g\u0103sit expresia \u00een r\u0103scoala fermierilor \u015fi meseria\u015filor din statul Massachusetts din 1786, r\u0103scoal\u0103 ce a avut un caracter democratic, dar care a fost potolit\u0103 cu asprime. Astfel, problema reorganiz\u0103rii or\u00eenduirii de stat a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107532"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107532"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107532\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107532"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107532"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}