{"id":107450,"date":"2018-02-19T02:18:00","date_gmt":"2018-02-19T02:18:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-01-08T10:35:23","modified_gmt":"2023-01-08T10:35:23","slug":"destramarea-aliantei-celor-trei-imparati-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/2018\/02\/19\/destramarea-aliantei-celor-trei-imparati-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Destr\u0103marea Alian\u0163ei celor trei \u00eemp\u0103ra\u0163i."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><h3 class=\"post-title entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; position: relative;\"><\/h3>\n<div class=\"post-body entry-content\" id=\"post-body-868216877777985186\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.7; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; width: 615px;\">\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Alian\u0163a celor 3 \u00cemp\u0103ra\u0163i a&nbsp;<strong>existat \u00eentre 1872 \u015fi 1887<\/strong>, fiind format\u0103 la ini\u0163iativa cancelarului german O.Bismark din Wilhelm I, Franz Iosif \u015fi Alexandru II. Al3\u00cemp era un sistem foarte nesigur, \u00een condi\u0163iile \u00een care Bismarck \u00eentre\u0163esea re\u0163ele diverse de alian\u0163e \u015fi coali\u0163ii \u00eendreptate c\u00e2d \u00eempotriva unui stat, c\u00e2nd a altuia. Ini\u0163iat\u0103 ca metod\u0103 de pre\u00eent\u00e2mpinare a unui conflict ruso-austriac, ea a existat doar at\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t nu s-a ciocnit de un conflict activ. Aceasta a conferit un aer de stabilitate \u00eentre 1881-1885 \u015fi a dat RU un plus de greutate \u00een disensiunile sale cu Anglia (regiunea Pende). Dar Alian\u0163a nu a supravie\u0163uit noilor tensiuni \u00een Balcani. Redeschiderea violent\u0103 a Problemei Orientale, odat\u0103 cu gestul unilateral bulgar de unificare a 2 dintre p\u0103r\u0163ile sale, au prins pe nepreg\u0103tite MPs. \u00cen principiu,&nbsp;<strong>prima fisur\u0103 important\u0103<\/strong>&nbsp;\u00een Al3\u00cemp se spune c\u0103 apare de la&nbsp;<strong>Congresul de la Berlin<\/strong>(iul-aug,1878), c\u00e2nd RU nu i se permite de a forma o Bulgarie mare, sub aripa sa, ci, din contra, Bismark sus\u0163ine \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163irea acesteia \u00een 3, o parte r\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2ndu-i fostului inamic al RU \u2013 Imp.Otoman, o parte devenind autonom\u0103 \u015fi una mic\u0103 se acord\u0103 sub protec\u0163ie RU. Atunci a fost primul moment \u00een care membrii alian\u0163ei ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 \u00een conformitate cu interesele proprii, \u015fi nu conform unui acord comun. Iar piatra de hotar a evolu\u0163iei Alian\u0163ei a fost, totu\u015fi,&nbsp;<strong>criza bulgar\u0103 din 1885-1887<\/strong>, care a marcat \u015fi ultima<a href=\"http:\/\/optdolari.blogspot.ca\/2011\/02\/destramarea-aliantei-celor-trei.html\" name=\"more\" style=\"color: #ee5307; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;\"><\/a>&nbsp;etap\u0103, practic, a existen\u0163ei acestei coali\u0163ii germano-austro-ruse. Practic, situa\u0163ia era urm\u0103toarea: dup\u0103 declararea unirii Rumeliei Orientale cu Bulgaria mic\u0103, diplomatul britanic Salsberry propune o solu\u0163ie de compromis, sus\u0163inut\u0103 de Calnoky(A-Ung), \u015fi aprobat\u0103, la 1886, \u015fi de ru\u015fi \u2013 unia personal\u0103 a acestor 2 provincii (a\u015fa cum se procedase anterior cu ROM). Acest compromis a creat BUL, dar nu a putut salva Al3\u00cemp. RU nu era de acord cu conducerea BUL de c\u0103tre kneazul Alexandr. A\u015fa c\u0103 i-a organizat dispari\u0163ia pt o vreme, apoi abdicarea. Dar generalul rus trimis pt a conduce BUL \u2013 Kaulbars \u2013 a \u00eent\u00e2lnit rezisten\u0163a formelor politice de la Sofia, lucru ce a dus la ruperea rela\u0163iilor ruso-bulgare \u00een XI.1886, \u015fi atmosfera amenin\u0163a cu deschiderea focurilor.&nbsp;<strong>Reac\u0163ia \u201calia\u0163ilor\u201d<\/strong>:&nbsp;<em>A-Ung<\/em>&nbsp;adopt\u0103 o pozi\u0163ie total opus\u0103 intereselor ruse\u015fti. Calnoky de mult se declarase \u00eempotriva oric\u0103re \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163iri a Balcanilor, iar cu o mi\u015fcare pt un r\u0103zboi cu RU \u00een partea ungar\u0103 a Monarhiei, acesta a fost nevoit a promite c\u0103 se va \u00eempotrivi impunerii unui protectorat rus asupra BUL. Dar austriecii nu erau siguri c\u0103 vor putea \u0163ine piept RU. De aceea au apelat la&nbsp;<em>Bismarck<\/em>. Acesta i-a refuzat, declar\u00e2nd c\u0103 alian\u0163a germano-austriac\u0103 de\u0163ine un caracter defensiv \u015fi c\u0103 GER nu posed\u0103 interese \u00een Balcani. Curtea vienez\u0103 s-a adresat \u015fi Londrei, care n-ar fi vrut ca ru\u015fii s\u0103 ajung\u0103 la Constantinopol \u00een luptele lor balcanice. Dar \u015fi Salsberry, ca \u015fi Bismark, au g\u0103sit argumente pt a se retrage din joc, \u015fi au l\u0103sat A-Ung de una singur\u0103 \u00een fa\u0163a declan\u015f\u0103rii unui nou conflict \u00eentre MPs. De\u015fi, situa\u0163ia rela\u0163iei germano-austriece nu era definitiv dec\u0103zut\u0103: la cererea RU c\u0103tre Bismark de a renun\u0163a la A-Ung dac\u0103 RU renun\u0163\u0103 la FR, Bismark i-a citit ambasadorului rus Piotr \u015euvalov \u00eentreg textul tratatului&nbsp;<em>Zweibond<\/em>(Alian\u0163ei Dualiste, 1879). S\u0103 nu uit\u0103m c\u0103 esen\u0163a Al3\u00cemp era prevenirea unui conflict austro-rus \u015fi \u00eendreptat\u0103 \u015fi \u00eempotriva Angliei. Deci, la momentul urm\u0103tor \u2013 reizbucnirea crizei bulgare imediat dup\u0103 \u201ctratatul de reasigurare germano-rus\u201d, iulie 1887 \u2013 acest scop decade: M.Brit, IT \u015fi A-Ung \u00eencheie \u201cantanta mediteranean\u0103\u201d, \u00een\u0163eleg\u00e2ndu-se de a men\u0163ine pacea \u015fi status-quo-ul \u00een Or.Apropiat (m\/degrab\u0103 \u00een zona str\u00e2mtorilor), puterea Por\u0163ii \u00een Asia Mic\u0103 \u015fi suzeranitatea acesteia \u00een Bulgaria (spre furia ru\u015filor). Aceast\u0103 \u00een\u0163elegere a fost redactat\u0103 \u015fi \u00eencheiat\u0103 de MAE lor la Constantinopol, dar Salsberry a ad\u0103ugat \u00eenc\u0103 un punct: secretul acestui tratat fa\u0163\u0103 de Poart\u0103! Practic, tratatul proteja BUL \u015fi Asia Mic\u0103. Astfel, se crea \u015fi o nou\u0103 coali\u0163ie anti-rus\u0103. Al3\u00cemp era clar destr\u0103mat\u0103.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alian\u0163a celor 3 \u00cemp\u0103ra\u0163i a&nbsp;existat \u00eentre 1872 \u015fi 1887, fiind format\u0103 la ini\u0163iativa cancelarului german O.Bismark din Wilhelm I, Franz Iosif \u015fi Alexandru II. Al3\u00cemp era un sistem foarte nesigur, \u00een condi\u0163iile \u00een care Bismarck \u00eentre\u0163esea re\u0163ele diverse de alian\u0163e \u015fi coali\u0163ii \u00eendreptate c\u00e2d \u00eempotriva unui stat, c\u00e2nd a altuia. Ini\u0163iat\u0103 ca metod\u0103 de pre\u00eent\u00e2mpinare [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107450"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107450"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107450\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}