{"id":107446,"date":"2018-02-19T02:21:00","date_gmt":"2018-02-19T02:21:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-01-08T10:35:23","modified_gmt":"2023-01-08T10:35:23","slug":"politica-externa-germana-dupa-1890-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/2018\/02\/19\/politica-externa-germana-dupa-1890-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Politica extern\u0103 german\u0103 dup\u0103 1890. Weltpolitik."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><h3 class=\"post-title entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; position: relative;\"><\/h3>\n<div class=\"post-body entry-content\" id=\"post-body-5205716658239672730\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.7; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; width: 615px;\">\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nu e corect WEILTPOLITIK: (nu exist\u0103 a\u015fa termen \u00een nici un dic\u0163ionar de lb german\u0103), exist\u0103 Weltpolitik, \u00een dic\u0163ionarul lui Mihai Ib\u0103\u015fescu, \u015fi se traduce prin \u201cpolitic\u0103 interna\u0163ional\u0103\/mondial\u0103\u201d. Nu e clar\u0103 leg\u0103tura logic\u0103 direct\u0103 cu tema. Autorii germani numesc fragmentul de dup\u0103 1890 al istoriei germane \u201eera wilhelmian\u0103\u201d, finisat\u0103 la 1918. Da \u00een \u201eVsemirnaja Istorija\u201d politica GER dup\u0103 1890 e numit\u0103 \u201epolitika splocenija\u201d=\u201dpolitica d coeziune\u201d. \u015ei este caracterizat\u0103 k o politic\u0103 d expansiune, \u00een special, economic\u0103. Caprivi a mo\u015ftenit dup\u0103 Bismark ni\u015fte complica\u0163ii economice: ca rezultat al \u00eenchiderii pie\u0163ei germane pt produsele industriale europene prin tarif protector i-au fost retrase privilegiile \u00een statele-parteneri comerciali. Caprivi a dezghe\u0163at situa\u0163ia \u00eencheind noi acorduri comerciale ce ofereau tarife preferen\u0163iale la produc\u0163ia agricol\u0103 extern\u0103. Acest lucru a nemul\u0163umit proprietarii agricoli germani. \u00cen rezultatul acestor complica\u0163ii, Caprivi a fost \u00eenlocuit cu principele Hohenlohe \u00een 1894. Anii de dup\u0103 demisia lui Bismark sunt marca\u0163i de o politic\u0103 extern\u0103 german\u0103 mult m\/activ\u0103. Din lips\u0103 d colonii, exportul german d capital s concentra p state formal independente, dar slabe, ce puteau fi aduse, \u00een acest mod, la o dependen\u0163\u0103 economic\u0103. D aceasta principala aren\u0103 a luptei anglo-germane pt investirea capitalului devin \u0163\u0103rile Or.Mijl.(\u00een Primul r\u00e2nd Imp.Otom), Or.\u00cendep\u0103rtat (China) \u015fi America Latin\u0103. Pun\u00e2nd \u00een fa\u0163a lor scopul unei expansiuni largi at\u00e2t \u00een EUR c\u00e2t \u015fi p celelalte continente, cercurile conduc\u0103toare germane c\u0103utau c\u0103i d consolidare a for\u0163elor lor. Aceste for\u0163e erau necesare at\u00e2t pt aplicarea unui curs activ al pol.ext., c\u00e2t \u015fi pt combaterea nemul\u0163umirilor interne. Acest curs a luat numele de \u201epolitica de coeziune\u201d. Aceasta avea sus\u0163inerea principalilor industria\u015fi (Krupp, Stumm), bancheri, junkeri, etc. Ace\u015ftia \u00een I r\u00e2nd optau pt construirea unei flote militare d propor\u0163ii, instituirea unui nou tarif protector pt produsele agricole, etc, \u015fi crearea unui guvern ce ar fi urmat aceste cerin\u0163e. Acest guvern a venit condus de amiralul Tierpitz, autorul programului d construc\u0163ie a flotei, \u015fi MAE B\u00fclow. \u00cen 1898 se aprob\u0103 programul flotei militare, care cerea construirea, timp de 5 ani, a 15 cor\u0103bii de linie, 8 cuirasate pt defensiva malurilor, 42 creisere. M\/t\u00e2rziu, \u00een 1900, num\u0103rul acestora a fost dublat. Concomitent, GER \u00ee\u015fi \u00eent\u0103re\u015fte armamentele de uscat. Abandonarea de c\u0103tre Caprivi a vechilor politici conservatoare se manifesta \u00een toate domeniile: \u00een pol.ext., a refuzat re\u00eennoirea tratatului de reasigurare cu RU, \u00eentrerup\u00e2nd parteneriatul tradi\u0163ional al \u0163arismului cu monarhia prusac\u0103. El a \u00eencurajat ambi\u0163iile austriece \u00een Balcani, \u015fi a sperat c\u0103 va putea convinge M.BRIT s\u0103 se al\u0103ture 3All. Un pas \u00een acest sens a fost cedarea Helligolandului GER \u00een schimbul concesiunilor \u00een Africa de Est(1890). [Helligoland= o insuli\u0163\u0103 \u00een M.Nordului, f\u0103r\u0103 importan\u0163\u0103 strategic\u0103\/economic\u0103. A fost un gest simbolic de \u00een\u0163elegere\/\u00eemp\u0103care]. Dar aceast\u0103 tendin\u0163\u0103 a e\u015fuat, \u015fi Caprivi a fost demis. Succesorul s\u0103u s-a \u00eentors la ideea alian\u0163ei cu RU, lipsind, \u00een acest sens, A-Ung de sus\u0163inere \u00een Balcani. Punctul culminant al mandatului s\u0103u a fost disputa cu M.BRIT asupra republicilor bure, \u015fi telegrama trimis\u0103 de Kaiser (3 ian 1896) pre\u015fedintelui Transvaalului, prin care \u00eel felicita pt riposta la raidul britanicului Jameston. Telegrama nu a afectat politica britanicilor, dar a avut un efect asupra sentimentului na\u0163ional german, care pt I dat\u0103 a v\u0103zut M.BRIT k p principalul rival al GER \u00een statutul s\u0103u d imperiu. \u00cen timpul ultimilor ani d mandat ai lui Hohenlohe, B\u00fclow, MAE-ul, era cel care de\u0163inea puterea de facto, dup\u0103 Kaiser. B\u00fclow a lansat o politic\u0103 activ\u0103 peste hotare pt a deplasa necesitatea d reform\u0103 \u015fi conflictul d acas\u0103. \u00centr-o perioad\u0103 \u00een care M.BRIT, FR \u015fi RU p\u0103reau ocupate cu rivalit\u0103\u0163ile lor \u00een Africa \u015fi Or.\u00cendep\u0103rtat, B\u00fclow considera c\u0103 e m\/bine s\u0103 \u0163in\u0103 GER deoparte. A respins alian\u0163a oferit\u0103 d M.BRIT \u00een 1898 \u015fi 1901, dar a p\u0103strat o prietenie re\u0163inut\u0103 particip\u00e2nd la planul ipotetic d \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163ire a imperiului colonial portughez \u015fi prin men\u0163inerea statutului d neutralitate \u00een timpul r\u0103zboiului anglo-bur. O cauz\u0103 major\u0103 a declinului \u00een rela\u0163ia cu M.BRIT a fost dezvoltarea naval\u0103 rapid\u0103 a GER dup\u0103 legile din 1898 \u015fi 1900. Suporterii proiectului credeau k o flot\u0103 mare este esen\u0163ial\u0103 pt o MP; \u00een plus, construc\u0163ia oferea d lucru industriilor de fier \u015fi o\u0163el. Planurile erau grandioase: legea din 1900 avea planuri detaliate p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1917. Programul naval a avut 2 efecte principale: primul, \u00een 1909, c\u00e2nd aproape s-a ajuns la o egalitate cu Flota Regal\u0103, M.BRIT s-a alarmat serios; al doilea, problema finan\u0163\u0103rii programului a cauzat serioase dispute \u00eentre Conservatori \u015fi Partidul Centrist. Politica d deta\u015fare interna\u0163ional\u0103 a primit o lovitur\u0103 \u00een 1902 \u2013 c\u00e2nd M.BRIT \u00eencheie o alian\u0163\u0103 cu JAP, astfel put\u00e2nd s\u0103 controleze RU \u00een Or.\u00cendep\u0103rtat f\u0103r\u0103 a s implica direct. Atunci GER a \u00eencercat s\u0103 formeze un bloc continental anti-britanic. FR, care \u00eencheiase Antanta Cordial\u0103 \u00een 1904, trebuia for\u0163at\u0103 s\u0103 adere la acest bloc. \u00cencercarea GER d a o for\u0163a a rezultat \u00een Criza Marocan\u0103, \u015fi umilin\u0163a d la Algeciras.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nu e corect WEILTPOLITIK: (nu exist\u0103 a\u015fa termen \u00een nici un dic\u0163ionar de lb german\u0103), exist\u0103 Weltpolitik, \u00een dic\u0163ionarul lui Mihai Ib\u0103\u015fescu, \u015fi se traduce prin \u201cpolitic\u0103 interna\u0163ional\u0103\/mondial\u0103\u201d. Nu e clar\u0103 leg\u0103tura logic\u0103 direct\u0103 cu tema. Autorii germani numesc fragmentul de dup\u0103 1890 al istoriei germane \u201eera wilhelmian\u0103\u201d, finisat\u0103 la 1918. Da \u00een \u201eVsemirnaja Istorija\u201d [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107446"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107446"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107446\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107446"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107446"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107446"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}