{"id":107409,"date":"2018-02-19T02:50:00","date_gmt":"2018-02-19T02:50:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-01-08T10:35:05","modified_gmt":"2023-01-08T10:35:05","slug":"criza-orientala-si-congresul-de-la-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/2018\/02\/19\/criza-orientala-si-congresul-de-la-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Criza Oriental\u0103 \u015fi congresul de la Berlin."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><h3 class=\"post-title entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; position: relative;\"><\/h3>\n<div class=\"post-body entry-content\" id=\"post-body-1330454397257140198\" style=\"background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.7; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; width: 615px;\">\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Criza oriental\u0103 a fost o sintagm\u0103 ap\u0103rut\u0103 \u00een timpul r\u0103zboiului Crimeii din 1853-1856 dintre Rusia \u015fi Imperiul otoman, Anglia \u015fi Fran\u0163a. \u00cenfr\u00e2nt\u0103, Rusia urm\u0103rea s\u0103-\u015fi ia revan\u015fa, ceea ce \u015fi face \u00een 1875. Atunci \u00eencepe un nou episod al chestiunii orientale care a r\u0103mas nerezolvat\u0103 p\u00een\u0103 la sf\u00eer\u015fitul primului r\u0103zboi mondial. Tensiunile cresc \u015fi \u00een 1877 Rusia declar\u0103 r\u0103zboi Imperiului otoman. Clasa politic\u0103 rom\u00e2n\u0103 simte c\u0103 aceasta este ocazia de a proclama independen\u0163a \u015fi, \u00een urma unei \u00een\u0163elegeri cu Rusia semnat\u0103 \u00een iarna anului 1877, permite trecerea prin Rom\u00e2nia a armatelor \u0163ariste. \u00cen opera\u0163iunile militare din vara anului 1877 \u015fi \u00een primele luni ale lui 1878, Rom\u00e2nia particip\u0103 cu o&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/optdolari.blogspot.ca\/2011\/02\/criza-orientala-si-congresul-de-la.html\" name=\"more\" style=\"color: #ee5307; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;\"><\/a>armat\u0103 de aproximativ 100.000 de oameni. Capitularea Plevnei, centrul statului major al armatei turce comandate de Osman Pasa, a f\u0103cut ca Imperiul s\u0103 cear\u0103 pacea. Armisti\u0163iul semnat la San Stefano, l\u00eeng\u0103 Constantinopol, a pus capat ostilit\u0103\u0163ilor, a reglementat situa\u0163ia militar\u0103 \u015fi anun\u0163a direc\u0163iile principale pe care Rusia le va urm\u0103ri \u00een cadrul viitorului congres de pace. Reprezentantul rom\u00e2n nu a fost primit la tratative \u015fi nu a avut vreun cuv\u00eent de spus \u015fi acesta a \u00eensemnat un puternic semnal pentru clasa politic\u0103 rom\u00e2n\u0103. Faptul c\u0103 armata rus\u0103 sta\u0163iona pe teritoriul Rom\u00e2niei \u015fi nu mai dorea s\u0103-l p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103, faptul c\u0103 Fran\u0163a, aliata traditional\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei \u00ee\u015fi pierduse controlul asupra Europei dup\u0103 anul 1871, i-a f\u0103cut pe politicieniii rom\u00e2ni s\u0103-\u015fi \u00eendrepte aten\u0163ia spre Germania. Aceasta, ca mare putere a Europei, s-a implicat \u00een \u00eencheierea p\u0103cii care a avut loc la Berlin, \u00eentre datele de 1\/13 iunie si 1\/13 iulie 1878. Congresul avea menirea de a revizui prevederile p\u0103cii de la San Stefano care \u00eentariser\u0103 pozi\u0163ia Rusiei \u00een sud-estul Europei. La acest congres au participat cele \u015fapte mari puteri europene (Germania, Anglia, Austro-Ungaria, Fran\u0163a, Imperiul Otoman, Italia \u015fi Rusia), iar cel care a dat dovad\u0103 de abilitate diplomatic\u0103 deosebit\u0103 \u015fi care a influen\u0163at decisiv luarea hot\u0103r\u00eerilor a fost cancelarul german Otto von Bismarck. Tratatul de pace de la Berlin recuno\u015ftea independen\u0163a Romaniei, av\u00eend \u00een vedere ca to\u0163i participan\u0163ii luaser\u015f \u00een considerare aportul ei pe plan militar, la c\u00ee\u015ftigarea r\u0103zboiului din 1877-1878. Din p\u0103cate, recunoa\u015fterea independen\u0163ei Rom\u00e2niei era condi\u0163ionat\u0103 \u015fi de cedarea c\u0103tre Rusia a sudului Basarabiei, de\u015fi aceasta se obligase s\u0103 respecte integritatea teritorial\u0103 a \u0163\u0103rii \u00eenc\u0103 \u00eenainte de declan\u015farea r\u0103zboiului. Fa\u0163\u0103 de aceast\u0103 situa\u0163ie, delega\u0163ia rom\u00e2na, format\u0103 din primul ministru, Ion C. Bratianu, \u015fi din ministrul de externe, Mihail Kogalniceanu, a protestat, \u00een timpul lucr\u0103rilor Congresului de la Berlin, ar\u0103t\u00eend juste\u0163ea faptului c\u0103 se recuno\u015ftea independen\u0163a Rom\u00e2niei \u015fi c\u0103 Dobrogea \u015fi Delta Dun\u0103rii reveneau \u0163\u0103rii-mam\u0103, dar ar\u0103tau ca \u015fi cele trei jude\u0163e din sudul Basarabiei (Cahul, Ismail \u015fi Bolgrad) trebuia s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00een\u0103 \u00een componen\u0163a Rom\u00e2niei. Dar, delega\u0163ia rom\u00e2n\u0103 nu a fost ascultat\u0103 \u015fi tratatul de pace de la Berlin consfin\u0163ea ca sudul Basarabiei, stravechi pam\u00eent rom\u00e2nesc, trecea \u00een st\u0103p\u00eenirea Rusiei.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Criza oriental\u0103 a fost o sintagm\u0103 ap\u0103rut\u0103 \u00een timpul r\u0103zboiului Crimeii din 1853-1856 dintre Rusia \u015fi Imperiul otoman, Anglia \u015fi Fran\u0163a. \u00cenfr\u00e2nt\u0103, Rusia urm\u0103rea s\u0103-\u015fi ia revan\u015fa, ceea ce \u015fi face \u00een 1875. Atunci \u00eencepe un nou episod al chestiunii orientale care a r\u0103mas nerezolvat\u0103 p\u00een\u0103 la sf\u00eer\u015fitul primului r\u0103zboi mondial. Tensiunile cresc \u015fi \u00een [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107409"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107409"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107409\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107409"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107409"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvnextjob.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107409"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}